TITANS OF INDUSTRY
He built his fortune in the steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
This term describes a company that controls nearly all of a market, leaving little or no competition.
Monopoly
Workers formed these organizations to fight for better wages, hours, and working conditions.
Labor unions
Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe were commonly referred to by this term during the late 1800s.
“New Immigrants”
Southern states used this type of test as a way to deny Black Americans the right to vote.
Literacy test
This Titan of Industry created Standard Oil and controlled 95% of U.S. oil refineries by 1877.
John D. Rockefeller
This term means the government takes a “hands-off” approach to business and the economy.
Laissez-faire
This 1886 labor demonstration in Chicago turned violent after a bomb was thrown.
Haymarket Square
Many Chinese immigrants helped construct this major railroad project, completed in 1869.
Transcontinental Railroad
This movement wanted to reduce or ban the use of alcohol.
Temperance
This Titan made his fortune first in steamboats and then railroads.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
This idea applied “survival of the fittest” to business and society
Social Darwinism
This 1892 strike at Carnegie’s steel plant involved a battle between workers and Pinkerton guards.
Homestead Strike
This 1882 law prohibited immigration from China.
Chinese Exclusion Act
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld racial segregation under the idea of “separate but equal.”
Plessy v. Ferguson
During the financial crisis of the 1890s, this banker loaned the U.S. government millions as gold drained from the Treasury.
J.P. Morgan
This business arrangement brought competing companies together under one group’s control.
Trust
During the 1902 Pennsylvania Anthracite Coal Strike (a strike by hard-coal miners), this president stepped in to help negotiate between the miners and mine owners.
Theodore Roosevelt
What was the name of Jacob Riis’s famous collection of photographs showing the living conditions of New York City’s poor during the Gilded Age?
How the Other Half Lives
These laws enforced racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction, separating Black and white Americans in schools, transportation, and other public places.
Jim Crow laws
This wealthy industrialist argued in the “Gospel of Wealth” that the rich had a responsibility to use their surplus wealth to benefit society.
Andrew Carnegie
This 1890 law was created to stop powerful trusts and monopolies from limiting competition.
Sherman Antitrust Act
This 1894 strike disrupted the railroad industry and involved more than 125,000 workers.
Pullman Strike
This leader of Tammany Hall, a powerful New York City political organization, gained the support of new immigrants by helping them adjust to life in America in exchange for their votes, while also making millions through corruption.
Boss Tweed
Unlike Booker T. Washington, this Black leader believed African Americans should fight for civil and political rights now rather than wait for gradual change.
W.E.B. Du Bois