Captains of Industry or Robber Barons?
This steel magnate believed in the "Gospel of Wealth" and donated millions to libraries.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
This immigration processing station opened in 1892 and welcomed over 12 million immigrants by 1954.
Answer: What is Ellis Island?
This New York City political machine, led by Boss Tweed, traded votes for jobs and favors.
Answer: What is Tammany Hall?
This 1877 political deal ended Reconstruction and withdrew federal troops from the South, allowing Jim Crow laws to flourish.
Answer: What is the Compromise of 1877?
This reformer opened Hull House in Chicago in 1889 to provide education and support to immigrant families.
Answer: Who is Jane Addams?
This oil tycoon used horizontal integration to control 90% of U.S. oil refining through Standard Oil.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
Between 1860 and 1900, approximately THIS many million immigrants arrived in the United States.
Answer: What is 14 million?
This corrupt New York politician's name became synonymous with political machine bosses of the Gilded Age.
Answer: Who is William "Boss" Tweed?
These laws systematically stripped African Americans of voting rights and enforced racial segregation in the South.
Answer: What are Jim Crow laws?
This religious movement inspired activists to address poverty and injustice at their roots, not just symptoms.
Answer: What is the Social Gospel movement?
This business practice allowed companies like Standard Oil to control multiple corporations under one board of trustees, eliminating competition.
What is a trust?
This 1882 law was the first to restrict immigration based on race, targeting workers from a specific Asian country.
Answer: What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Political machines provided THESE services to immigrants in exchange for their votes (name at least two).
Answer: What are jobs, housing, and favors/assistance?
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
Answer: What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Settlement houses like Hull House provided THESE three types of services to urban immigrant communities.
Answer: What are education, childcare, and community support?
Evaluate: Carnegie's steel empire demonstrated THIS aspect of the U.S. economic system (efficiency, equity, equality, or justice) through mass production that lowered costs, but violated THIS aspect through 12-hour workdays and low wages.
What are efficiency (demonstrated) and equity/justice (violated)?
Immigrants were often scapegoated for these three urban problems that were actually caused by systemic failures of wealthy industrialists and city planners.
Answer: What are overcrowded tenements, pollution, and disease epidemics (typhoid/cholera)?
Evaluate: Political machines demonstrated a lack of THIS principle (efficiency, equity, equality, or justice) because they distributed resources based on loyalty rather than need or merit.
Answer: What is justice (or equality)?
Evaluate: Jim Crow laws and Plessy v. Ferguson violated ALL of these four aspects of a just economic system.
Answer: What are efficiency, equity, equality, AND justice?
Name two groups that "pushed back" against Gilded Age injustices and helped set the stage for Progressive Era reforms.
Answer: Who are temperance movements, labor organizers, muckraking journalists, and/or Social Gospel activists? (any two)
While U.S. industrialists built monopolies, THIS German chancellor implemented social insurance programs (health, accident, old-age) in the 1880s, representing a contrasting approach to labor issues.
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
Compare: While the U.S. passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, THIS country implemented the "White Australia" policy (1901) with similar racial restrictions on Asian immigration.
Answer: What is Australia?
The transactional nature of political machines—"you vote for us, we give you services"—violated democratic ideals by treating democracy as THIS rather than as civic participation.
Answer: What is a business transaction (or commodity/exchange)?
While the U.S. implemented Jim Crow segregation, THIS country enforced apartheid (legalized 1948) with similar racial separation and disenfranchisement of Black Africans.
Answer: What is South Africa?
Compare: While U.S. labor movements fought for workers' rights in the 1880s-90s, THIS global labor movement began with a massacre in Chicago (1886) and became an international workers' holiday.
Answer: What is May Day (International Workers' Day), commemorating the Haymarket Affair?