Working Conditions
These were common in factories, including 10-14 hour days and 6-day weeks.
What are long hours?
Workers formed these groups to bargain as a collective for better conditions.
What are unions?
This 1886 event involved a bomb and led to the decline of the Knights of Labor.
What is the Haymarket Riot (or Affair)?
This term means moving from one's homeland to live in another place.
What is immigration?
This term refers to the migration of people to live in cities.
What is urbanization?
This labor leader said, "The right to strike is the right to freedom," and founded the AFL.
Who is Samuel Gompers?
Wages for workers typically ranged from this amount per week.
What is $3 to $12?
This union, the Knights of Labor, included both skilled and unskilled workers and supported equal pay for women.
What is the Knights of Labor?
In 1877, this strike over a 10% pay cut resulted in riots and federal troops being sent in.
What is the Railroad Strike of 1877?
Poverty and religious persecution are examples of these factors driving people to leave their home countries.
What are push factors?
Cities grew due to immigration and inventions like this machine that reduced farm jobs.
What is the McCormick Reaper?
This industrialist viewed unions as a threat, saying the interests of capital and labor are the same.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
Women and children faced this issue in pay compared to men.
What is being paid less?
Samuel Gompers founded this union, which focused on skilled workers and aimed for closed shops.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
The 1892 Homestead Strike involved this hired group clashing with workers in an armed battle.
What are Pinkertons?
Economic growth in the U.S. served as this type of factor attracting immigrants.
What are pull factors?
These small, cheaply made apartment buildings housed new immigrants in overcrowded conditions.
What are tenements?
This term means adopting the culture of a nation, often through schools for immigrants' children.
What is assimilate (or Americanization)?
Factories were described as appalling and unsafe with no safeguards, leading to these types of tasks.
What are repetitive, boring, and monotonous jobs?
The Knights of Labor opposed this, viewing it as competition for jobs.
What is immigration?
Eugene V. Debs called for a boycott during this 1894 strike caused by layoffs and pay cuts.
What is the Pullman Strike?
Immigrants from Europe often entered through this New York island.
What is Ellis Island?
New York City built this in 1900 to help reduce pollution from transportation.
What is the subway?
Jane Addams founded this Chicago settlement house to help immigrants with English classes and child care.
What is Hull House?
This group of workers, including young ones like 8-year-old Sally, was exploited in sweatshops.
What is child labor?
The AFL failed in part because it excluded these types of workers.
What are unskilled workers?
Over 20,000 of these occurred between 1880 and 1900, often violent, and were seen as driving up costs.
What are strikes?
This 1882 act was the first federal law to suspend immigration for a specific nationality.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Rapid population growth led to these environmental issues, including polluted rivers and depleted forests.
What are impacts on the land (or environmental destruction)?
This photographer and author wrote "How the Other Half Lives" to expose the plight of the poor.
Who is Jacob Riis?