Captains or robber barons?
The big business leaders of the time period often supported this theory of economics, where the government is hands off:
Laissez-Faire
The leader of the NYC political machine, he often bribed immigrants with jobs in exchange for votes:
William "Boss" Tweed
Jane Addams co-founded this famous Chicago settlement house in 1889 to offer educational, social, and childcare services to immigrant working-class families
Hull House
This Constitutional Amendment, ratified during Woodrow Wilson's presidency in 1920, granted women the right to vote nationwide.
19th
Opened in New York Harbor in 1892, this processing station served as the primary entry point for millions of "New Immigrants" arriving in the United States:
Ellis Island
This 1890 federal act was the first attempt by Congress to restrict monopolies, though it was initially weaponized by courts against labor unions instead of corporations.
Sherman Anti-trust Act
This tragic 1911 industrial fire in New York City claimed 146 lives and spurred strict workplace safety codes, fire regulations, and factory inspection laws nationwide.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle was intended to highlight socialist reform for exploited workers, but instead triggered outrage over the sanitary conditions of this industry.
Meat Packing Industry
What did Roosevelt's three C's dealt with?
Conservation
Controlling Corporations
Consumer Protection
What region of Europe did the "new immigrants" of the time period come from?
Southern/Eastern Europe (mostly)
Andrew Carnegie argued in this famous 1889 essay that while extreme wealth disparity is inevitable, the wealthy have a moral obligation to distribute their riches for public good.
Gospel of Wealth
Spurred by the assassination of President James A. Garfield, this 1883 legislation established a merit-based civil service exam system for federal jobs.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
This photojournalistic expose by Jacob Riis used newly invented photography to reveal the living conditions of New York City tenements.
"How the Other Half Lives"
President Theodore Roosevelt intervened in this 1902 strike, threatening to use federal troops if owners refused to negotiate—marking the first time government intervened on behalf of labor.
Anthracite Coal Strike
Jobs/industrialization
This 1894 nationwide railroad strike, led by Eugene Debs and the American Railway Union, paralyzed traffic in the West until President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops to enforce a court injunction.
Pullman Strike
Cite 3 core demands of the Populist Party Platform:
-- graduated income tax
-- unlimited free coinage of silver
-- more government intervention
-- more transparency in government elections
In contrast to Booker T. Washington’s emphasis on vocational training, W.E.B. Du Bois argued that this educated elite group should lead the fight for immediate political and social equality.
"Talented Tenth"
Four amendments were passed during the Progressive Era under different Presidential administrations. Name each and give a brief explanation:
16: federal income tax
17: direct election of U.S. Senators
18: prohibition
19: women's suffrage
Passed in 1882, this landmark law marked the first significant federal restriction on immigration based explicitly on race or nationality.
Chinese exclusion act
This massive Gilded Age scandal during President Grant’s administration involved a fraudulent construction company created by Union Pacific Railroad insiders, who skimmed government subsidies and bribed influential Congressmen:
Credit Mobilier Scandal
William Jennings Bryan famously advocated for the unlimited coinage of silver over in this electrifying speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention.
Cross of gold speech
How did the NWP and NAWSA differ in their approach to achieving women's suffrage?
NWP: Wanted a Constitutional Amendment that applied to everyone
NAWSA: Was fine with a state by state approach
Explain three reasons for the rift in the Republican Party during the Election of 1912, spurring TR to run as an independent "Bull Moose" candidate
-- upset of trusts, conservation & tariff policies
Formulated by Protestant ministers, this Progressive Era religious movement urged churches to apply Christian ethics directly to urban poverty, slum housing, child labor, and factory conditions.
Social Gospel Movement