Pharm
acology
acology
Before administering digoxin to an adult client, the nurse should:
A. Check respiratory rate
B. Assess apical pulse for 1 full minute
C. Measure oxygen saturation
D. Monitor capillary refill
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin slows the heart rate. Hold the dose if the apical pulse is <60 bpm.
A normal fetal heart rate is:
A. 80–100 bpm
B. 100–120 bpm
C. 110–160 bpm
D. 160–180 bpm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The expected range for a normal fetal heart rate is 110–160 bpm.
A patient states, "I want to die." What is the priority nursing action?
A. Notify the family
B. Contact the chaplain
C. Ask if the patient has a plan
D. Administer PRN medication
C. Ask if the patient has a plan
What is the best site for an IM injection in infants?
A. Deltoid
B. Dorsogluteal
C. Vastus lateralis
D. Ventrogluteal
C. Vastus lateralis
What is the most effective way to prevent infection spread?
A. Wearing gloves
B. Using hand sanitizer
C. Handwashing
D. Wearing a mask
C. Handwashing
Q: Which of the following is a common side effect of furosemide (Lasix)?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia.
A pregnant woman is receiving magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia. The nurse should report:
A. Deep tendon reflexes +3
B. Respiratory rate of 18/min
C. Urine output of 30 mL/hr
D. Respiratory rate of 10/min
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: RR <12/min may indicate magnesium toxicity, which requires immediate attention.
Which communication is therapeutic?
A. “Don’t worry, everything will be fine.”
B. “Why did you do that?”
C. “Tell me more about what you’re feeling.”
D. “You should stop thinking that way.”
C. “Tell me more about what you’re feeling.”
Which vaccine is contraindicated for a child who is immunocompromised?
A. Hepatitis B
B. MMR
C. DTaP
D. Hib
B. MMR
What PPE is required for contact precautions?
A. Gloves and gown
B. Mask and gloves
C. Gloves and face shield
D. Mask and gown
A. Gloves and gown
A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) should avoid which of the following?
A. Orange juice
B. Foods high in vitamin K
C. Milk products
D. Protein supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K antagonizes the effects of warfarin, reducing its anticoagulant effect.
A nurse notes late decelerations on the fetal monitor. What action is priority?
A. Increase oxytocin
B. Place mother in supine position
C. Turn the mother to her side
D. Encourage pushing with contractions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Late decels = uteroplacental insufficiency. Repositioning improves blood flow.
Which medication is most likely prescribed for schizophrenia?
A. Sertraline
B. Haloperidol
C. Lorazepam
D. Lithium
B. Haloperidol
A toddler is diagnosed with epiglottitis. What is the priority action?
A. Start IV fluids
B. Obtain a throat culture
C. Keep child calm and avoid throat exam
D. Place child in high Fowler’s position
C. Keep child calm and avoid throat exam
What precaution is used for tuberculosis?
A. Contact
B. Droplet
C. Standard
D. Airborne
D. Airborne
Which lab value should be monitored for a client on lithium?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium levels affect lithium excretion; low sodium increases lithium toxicity risk.
A postpartum client with a boggy uterus and excessive bleeding should first:
A. Call the physician
B. Start an IV
C. Massage the fundus
D. Insert a catheter
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fundal massage helps stimulate uterine contraction to control bleeding.
A client with mania is pacing the unit and talking rapidly. What is the best response?
A. "You need to sit down and rest now."
B. "Here is your medication, take it now."
C. "Let’s walk together to a quiet room."
D. "Stop talking so much, you’re scaring others."
C. "Let’s walk together to a quiet room."
What is an early sign of dehydration in infants?
A. Hypertension
B. Tearing
C. Sunken fontanelles
D. Increased urination
C. Sunken fontanelles
What is the correct order for donning PPE?
A. Gloves → Mask → Gown → Goggles
B. Gown → Mask → Goggles → Gloves
C. Mask → Gown → Gloves → Goggles
D. Gown → Gloves → Goggles → Mask
B. Gown → Mask → Goggles → Gloves
Which medication would be used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose?
A. Naloxone
B. Atropine
C. Flumazenil
D. Protamine sulfate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flumazenil is the antidote for benzodiazepines like diazepam and lorazepam.
Which finding in a newborn requires immediate intervention?
A. Heart rate of 140 bpm
B. Nasal flaring and grunting
C. Acrocyanosis
D. Positive Babinski reflex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nasal flaring and grunting indicate respiratory distress.
What side effect is most concerning with clozapine (Clozaril)?
A. Weight gain
B. Drowsiness
C. Agranulocytosis
D. Dry mouth
C. Agranulocytosis
A child with cystic fibrosis is scheduled to eat. What medication should be given?
A. Albuterol
B. Pancreatic enzymes
C. Acetaminophen
D. Antacids
B. Pancreatic enzymes
What is the first action if a nurse is stuck with a needle?
A. Notify the supervisor
B. Complete an incident report
C. Wash the area with soap and water
D. Go to the emergency room
C. Wash the area with soap and water