Category 1
High-pitched sound on inspiration or expiration that may occur with asthma, viral infections, or an obstruction in lower trachea or bronchioles:
What is wheezing?
Dimple and/or tuft of hair noted at sacrum, may be asymptomatic but may require surgery later in childhood:
What is spina bifida occulta?
Intestinal organs are outside the abdomen at birth not encased in a sac and requires urgent surgery to repair:
What is Gastroschisis?
The way a child's airway differs from an adult:
What is shorter and more narrow?
A child with spina bifida is at risk for this allergy:
What is latex?
Intestinal organs are outside the abdomen at birth encased in a sac and requires urgent surgery to repair:
What is an omphalocele?
Crackling sounds heard when alveoli become fluid-filled and may occur with pneumonia:
What is rales?
A collapsed or airless portion of the lung:
What is atelectasis?
Characteristics may include blue sclera, short stature, early hearing loss, scoliosis, respiratory issues, and easily fractured bones:
What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
Chest physiotherapy (CPT) with postural drainage, Recombinant human DNase daily, inhaled bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories are typical treatments for this disease:
What is cystic fibrosis?
Bronchodilator used for croup:
What is racemic epinephrine?
A highly contagious virus that is more severe in younger children, often leads to bronchiolitis, and common symptoms are hypoxemia and C02 retention:
What is RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)?
Copious frothy bubbles of mucus noted in the child's birth post-birth, NG tube cannot be placed, rattling respiration, 3 C's during feeding:
What is a Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)?
A highly contagious virus contracted through contact with respiratory secretions that causes necrosis in the small airways, peribronchiolar infiltration, and plugging of the lumens with mucus and exudate:
What is RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)?
Common viral infection in ages 3 mos to 3 yrs, causes inflammation and edema of larynx and pharynx leading to obstructed airway, symptoms most common at night:
What is croup?
Tri-pod position, high fever, difficulty speaking, drooling, anxiety/frightened appearance; this viral infection can very quickly become life-threatening:
What is epligottitis?
Segment of bowel telescoped into another segment causing vascular compromise/obstruction/necrosis that can lead to peritonitis, hemoccult jelly stools, n/v/d, severe pain:
What is an Intussusception?
Asymmetry of skin folds, unequal knee height, limited hip movement, positive Trendelenburg sign, positive Barlow and Ortolani signs:
What is Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?
Abnormal development or damage to the motor areas of the brain, can be considered a birth injury, variety of symptoms/disabilities, nonprogressive but symptoms may improve or decline:
What is Cerebral Palsy?
Hypertrophic obstruction; symptoms appear @ 3-6 weeks old; good eater that projectile vomits and is then starving again, "olive" in RUQ, failure to thrive, hyperactive bowel sounds is indicative of:
What is pyloric stenosis?
Barrel chest, chronic cough, clubbing, chronic sinusitis, recurrent pneumonia, salty tasting skin, cor pulmonale may indicate the need to test for this disease:
What is cystic fibrosis?
Presence of progressive muscle wasting, a Gower's sign, a waddling gait, with a shortened life expectancy:
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)?
Management is corticosteroids, calcium and Vitamin D supplements, beta-blockers/ACE inhibitors, OT/PT/speech therapy, braces/orthotics, safety precautions due to difficulty with ADL's:
What is muscular dystrophy?
Meconium ileus, fecal impactions, obstructive cirrhosis, gallstones, GERD, Vitamin A, D, E, K malabsorption, failure to thrive, and chronic hyperglycemia may indicate the need to test for this disease:
What is cystic fibrosis?
Most severe form, surgical repair is required, degree of neuro deficit depends on location & size, may affect motor & sensory functions, may be avoided if mother takes folic acid daily, infant may not lay supine to protect lesion:
What is a myelomeningocele?