Basic Concepts
Which term refers to an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from reaching top leadership positions?
A. Glass cliff B. Glass escalator
C. Glass ceiling D. Open door
C. Glass ceiling
Which two forms of discrimination often reinforce the glass ceiling for minority women?
A. Ageism & racism B. Sexism & racism
C. Sexism & classism D. Ableism & sexism
B. Sexism & racism
Who coined the term “glass escalator”?
A. Max Weber
B. Christine Williams
C. Judith Butler
D. Karl Marx
B. Christine Williams
In nursing, men are often encouraged to move into which area?
A. Pediatrics
B. Retirement planning
C. Administration/management
D. Research labs
C. Administration/management
The glass ceiling limits career growth, while the glass escalator:
A. Slows men down
B. Prevents hiring
C. Speeds up career growth for some men
D. Promotes only women
C. Speeds up career growth for some men
The term describing men being promoted faster in female-dominated jobs is:
A. Glass ladder B. Glass escalator
C. Glass ceiling D. Glass boost
B. Glass escalator
A common justification for the glass ceiling is the belief that women prioritize:
A. Social status B. Profit
C. Family duties D. Retirement plans
C. Family duties
Which theory argues that workplace barriers are created by gender norms and stereotypes?
A. Labeling theory
B. Gender role theory
C. Hegemonic masculinity
D. Rational choice theory
B. Gender role theory
Men in female-dominated fields often receive:
A. Demotions B. Isolation
C. Assumed leadership D. Salary cuts
C. Assumed leadership
Which group benefits the most from the glass escalator?
A. Working-class women
B. White heterosexual men
C. Immigrant workers
D. Minority men
B. White heterosexual men
True or False: The glass ceiling only affects women.
A. True B. False
B. False
These two institutional problems help keep the glass ceiling in place:
A. Poor training & automation
B. Leadership pipeline problem & lack of mentors
C. Increased competition & peer pressure
D. High turnover & globalization
B. Leadership pipeline problem & lack of mentors
Which theory explains why society views men as naturally suited for leadership?
A. Functionalism B. Feminist conflict theory C. Hegemonic masculinity D. Meritocracy model
C. Hegemonic masculinity
Women may experience hostility in male-dominated jobs, while men receive __________ in female-dominated ones:
A. Suspicion
B. Encouragement
C. Isolation
D. Criticism
B. Encouragement
Both the glass ceiling and the glass escalator reveal workplace inequality based on:
A. Technology B. Qualifications C. Gender D. Age
C. Gender
True or False: All men benefit equally from the glass escalator.
A. True B. False
B. False
A major consequence of the glass ceiling is:
A. The gender wage gap
B. Shorter work hours
C. Job outsourcing
D. Better retirement packages
A. The gender wage gap
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act attempts to reduce:
A. Overtime
B. Employment discrimination
C. Wage inflation
D. Remote work
B. Employment discrimination
The glass escalator often results in this measurable outcome:
A. Fewer job openings
B. Faster promotions
C. More overtime
D. Lower wages
B. Faster promotions
These two metaphors both describe invisible forces affecting careers:
A. Pay gap & job rotation
B. Glass cliff & glass escalator
C. Mobility & meritocracy
D. Glass ceiling & glass escalator
D. Glass ceiling & glass escalator
Which term describes promoting women into risky leadership roles where failure is likely?
A. Glass cliff B. Glass road
C. Glass ceiling D. Glass gateway
A. Glass cliff
In workplace culture, these expectations about how men and women ‘should’ act often fuel inequality:
A. Reliability roles
B. Gender role expectations
C. Social scripts
D. Conflict theory
B. Gender role expectations
Which concept matches this description: “invisible advantages men receive in female-led professions”?
A. The glass escalator B. The glass cliff C. The open door effect D. Role conflict
A. The glass escalator
The “lonely at the top” effect describes:
A. Isolation in leadership roles
B. High salary but low skill
C. Retirement pressure
D. Reduced accountability
A. Isolation in leadership roles
One strategy to reduce inequality is to increase:
A. Standardized tests
B. Equity and inclusion policies
C. Job outsourcing
D. Mandatory retirement
B. Equity and inclusion policies