Gonioscopy
The Optic Nerve
More Optic Nerve
Ophthalmology is a visual field
Visual field acronyms
100
Name the angle structures from anterior to posterior
Schwalbe's line, nonpigmented TM, pigmented TM, scleral spur, ciliary body band
100
Name the three types of retinal ganglion cells? What does each do?
Magnocellular: light/dark, scotopic conditions, motion
Parvocellular: color vision, resolution, photopic conditions
Koniocellular: blue/yellow opponency
100
What percentage of people without glaucoma will have a C/D > 0.6
5%
100
What is the difference between a 24-2 and a 30-1 in terms of point placement and field size?
Which spot size is larger? III or V?
A 30-1 will test a larger visual field and will test points on the horizontal and vertical midlines. A 24-2 will be a smaller field and will test points 3 degrees away from the horizontal and vertical midlines.
Spot size V is larger.
100
MD, PSD
Mean deviation, pattern standard deviation
200
List the grades of the Schaffer system
Grade 4: 45%
Grade 3: 20-45%
Grade 2: 20% (angle closure possible)
Grade 1: 10% (angle closure probable)
Slit: <10% (angle closure very likely)
Grade 0: Closed
200
How many posterior and short posterior ciliary arteries are in the body?
Posterior ciliary: 4-8
Short posterior ciliary: 20-40
200
Your patient has a C/D asymmetry of >0.2. What is the chance that they have glaucoma?
>99%
200
What is the threshold false positive rate that denotes an unreliable visual field?
15%
200
SITA
Swedish interactive threshold algorithm
300
Name two causes of this
Elevated EVP, hypotony
300
How far behind the globe does the central retinal artery pierce the optic nerve?
10-15mm behind the globe
300
What percentage of patients with glaucoma will develop an RNFL hemorrhage?
33%
300
What is the threshold fixation loss percentage that denotes an unreliable visual field?
25%
300
GHT
Glaucoma hemifield test
400
Describe the Spaeth grading system
400
Describe the blood supply to all parts of the optic nerve
RNFL: central retinal artery, cilioretinal artery
Prelaminar: posterior ciliary
Laminar: posterior ciliary, pial arteries
Retrolaminar: posterior ciliary, pial arteries
400
Which is alpha and beta? What is meant by alpha and beta atrophy? Which is prognostic of glaucoma?
Alpha = outer. It is defined as irregular RPE pigmentation.
Beta = inner. It is defined as atrophy of the RPE and choriocapillaris. Beta = glaucoma.
400
How does OHTS define a visual field defect?
3 contiguous abnormal points on a pattern standard deviation
OR
Glaucoma hemifield test "outside normal limits"
400
Probability distribution function
500
1. Goldmann
2. Sussman
3. Koeppe
4. Posner (plastic), Zeiss (glass)
500
An optic nerve appears 1.0mm in size when viewed with a 90d lens. How large is it?
1.3mm
500
What type of imaging utilizes RNFL birefringence? How does this imaging modality differ from other measures of RNFL thickness such as OCT?
Scanning laser polarimeter.
It measure relative RNFL thickness.
500
How many degrees of field are tested nasally and temporally in a 10-2, 24-2, and 30-2?
10 = 10 degrees nasally and temporally
24 = 24 degrees temporally and 30 degrees nasally
30 = 30 degrees temporally and nasally
500
SWAP
Short wavelength automated perimetry