Absolutism
Enlightenment
French Revolution & Napoleon
Nationalism & Revolutions
Industrial Revolution
100
The belief that a king’s power comes from God
What is Divine Right?
100
Enlightnement philopshers who argued for a separation of powers
Who is Montesquieu?
100
This 1789 document transformed Enlightenment ideas into revolutionary principles by asserting legal equality and popular sovereignty while stopping short of universal suffrage.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
100
This 19th-century idea argued that people who share a common language, culture, or history should form their own independent state.
What is nationalism?
100
This industry was the first to be mechanized during the Industrial Revolution, especially in Britain, leading to the factory system.
What is the textile industry?
200
This French monarch strengthened absolutism after a series of noble revolts by centralizing taxation, appointing royal officials called intendants, and forcing nobles to live under his watch at Versailles.
Who is Louis XIV?
200
This Enlightenment thinker argued that government exists to protect natural rights and that citizens may overthrow rulers who violate those rights.
Who is John Locke?
200
This event marked the Revolution’s radical turn by overthrowing the monarchy and signaling that constitutional monarchy had failed.
What is the Storming of the Tuileries Palace on August 10th 1792?
200
This leader used nationalism to unify a collection of independent states into a single nation through diplomacy and war in the 1860s.
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
200
This economic system, dominant during the Industrial Revolution, argued that businesses should operate with little or no government interference.
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
300
The English Civil War of the 1640s resulted in.
What is the execution of Charles I (1649) & Parliamentary Supremacy?
300
This Enlightenment belief held that human affairs could be understood and improved through logic, observation, and science rather than tradition or superstition.
What is reason?
300
Although framed as a defense of the Revolution, this period centralized power, suspended civil liberties, and ruled through fear.
What is the Reign of Terror?
300
Nationalist tensions in this multiethnic empire help explain why a regional assassination in 1914 escalated into a global conflict.
What is the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
300
This new social class grew as a result of factory labor and became central to reform movements demanding better wages and working conditions.
Who is the proletariat (or industrial working class)?
400
Cardinal Mazarin was important because
What is he strengthened absolutism in France under Louis XIII?
400
This philosopher argued that legitimate government is based on a social contract in which authority comes from the general will of the people.
Who is Rousseau?
400
Although it ended feudal privilege and promoted legal equality, this reform demonstrates how revolutionary principles were preserved while political freedom was limited.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
400
Known as “El Libertador,” this leader helped win independence for several South American nations, including Venezuela and Gran Colombia.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
400
Britain industrialized first largely because it possessed abundant coal, iron, and this geographic advantage that allowed easy transportation of goods.
What are navigable rivers and harbors (or an island location with waterways)?
500
Absolutism emerged as a direct result of this political development, following the Protestant Reformation and the end of the religious wars of the 16th and 17th centuries.
What is Confessionalism/Confessionalization?
500
This massive Enlightenment project sought to collect and spread human knowledge while subtly criticizing absolutism and the power of the Church, leading it to be censored by French authorities.
What is the Encyclopédie?
500
In this Jacques-Louis David painting of Napoleon's (1804) coronation as Emperor Napoleon is....
What is placing the crown on his wife, Josephine's head?
500
This social group led most Latin American independence movements despite being born in the Americas rather than Europe.
Who are the creoles?
500
Although the Industrial Revolution increased wealth and production, it also intensified this long-term problem, which led to labor unions, child labor laws, and government regulation.
What is economic and social inequality?