"Wait, Europe Did What?" (Imperialism)
This 1857 rebellion in India united Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British East India Company over the use of animal fat in rifle cartridges.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion (or Sepoy Mutiny)?
This 1868 political transition modernized and industrialized Japan, allowing it to successfully resist Western imperialism.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
He led the Chinese Communist Party to victory in 1949 and launched the disastrous "Great Leap Forward."
Who is Mao Zedong?
The Regents definition of this term is "a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country," which can either unite or tear empires apart.
What is Nationalism?
This legal system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination existed in South Africa until it was dismantled in the early 1990s.
What is Apartheid?
This 1884 meeting, organized by Otto von Bismarck, carved up Africa among European powers without a single African leader present.
What is the Berlin Conference?
This South American "Liberator" was heavily inspired by the Enlightenment and led independence movements against Spain in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
This 13-day standoff in 1962 was the closest the US and the Soviet Union ever came to direct nuclear war.
What is the Cuban Missile Crisis?
This economic concept means a government takes a "hands-off" or "let-it-be" approach to the economy, famously championed by Adam Smith.
What is Laissez-faire?
He spent 27 years in prison before becoming South Africa's first Black president in 1994.
Who is Nelson Mandela?
This drug, smuggled into China by the British, led to a mid-19th-century war and the signing of the unequal Treaty of Nanjing.
What is Opium?
He led the first successful slave revolt in history, resulting in the independence of Haiti from France in 1804.
Who is Toussaint Louverture?
This radical communist group, led by Pol Pot, carried out a massive genocide in Cambodia during the late 1970s.
What is the Khmer Rouge?
This 2-word term describes the global spread of advanced agricultural technologies (like high-yield seeds and chemical fertilizers) in the mid-20th century, drastically increasing the food supply.
What is the Green Revolution?
This nationalist leader used Satyagraha (soul force) and civil disobedience, including the famous Salt March, to win India's independence from Britain.
Who is Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi?
This 1900 anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising in China saw a secret society attack Western embassies in Beijing before being crushed by an international coalition.
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
This 1917 document issued by the British government announced support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.
What is the Balfour Declaration?
This 1989 student-led pro-democracy protest in Beijing was violently crushed by the Chinese military, showing the limits of political reform under Deng Xiaoping.
What is the Tiananmen Square Protests?
This 2-word term describes the policy of keeping a totalitarian country's borders sealed off from outside information and travel, specifically associated with North Korea today.
Hermit Kingdom OR Iron Curtain
In 1994, Hutu extremists systematically slaughtered an estimated 800,000 Tutsis in this East African nation over the course of 100 days.
What is Rwanda?
King Leopold II of Belgium privately owned this African territory, brutally exploiting its population for rubber extraction.
What is the Congo Free State (or the Belgian Congo)?
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, this nationalist leader westernized, secularized, and modernized the newly formed Republic of Turkey.
Who is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk?
This was the military alliance formed by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites in 1955 to counter NATO.
What is the Warsaw Pact?
This geographic term explains why Japan historically lacked oil and iron, forcing it to pursue an aggressive imperialist foreign policy in the 20th century.
Meaning "death by hunger," this man-made famine in 1932–1933 was engineered by Joseph Stalin's collectivization policies and killed millions of Ukrainians.
What is the Holodomor?