Byzantine
How did geography of the Byzantine Empire help to formulate its success?
the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was located on a point that gave it easy access to both the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
How did Italy’s geography help the Roman unite the peninsula?
The less rugged terrain helped unite the peninsula. It was cut off from other lands by sea and mountains. The main mountains that helped to protect them were the Alps Mountains to the north, and the Tiber River, which flowed through Rome and was 15 miles from the Mediterranean Sea.
How did geography influence the Greek city states?
Greek city-states likely developed because of the physical geography of the Mediterranean region. The landscape features rocky, mountainous land and many islands. These physical barriers caused population centers to be relatively isolated from each other. The sea was often the easiest way to move from place to place.
How did the Islam spread so quickly?
Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries. Arab Muslim forces conquered vast territories and built imperial structures over time.
Diaspora
the dispersion or spread of a people from their original homeland.
What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire? Why was its location so strategic?
Constantinople was ideally located as the capital of the Byzantine Empire because it served as a gateway for trade between Asia and the Mediterranean. The city controlled the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, which connected the Mediterranean Sea with the Black Sea, making it a major terminus point of the Silk Road.
Why was Rome able to conquer a vast empire?
Rome was able to gain its empire in large part by extending some form of citizenship to many of the people it conquered. Military expansion drove economic development, bringing enslaved people and loot back to Rome, which in turn transformed the city of Rome and Roman culture.
What government did Ancient Athens develop?
Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century B.C.E. The Greek idea of democracy was different from present-day democracy because, in Athens, all adult citizens were required to take an active part in the government.
What was the legacy of the Islamic Empires?
During the Abbasid Caliphate, the Islamic Empire greatly contributed to advancements in many fields; including literature, philosophy, science, medicine, mathematics, and art. This period is known as the Islamic Golden Age and lasted from 790-1258.
Whos the founder of Judaism?
Judaism originated with the biblical patriarch Abraham (approx 1800 BCE). Abraham established a covenant with God that was confirmed with the reception of the Torah (the Law including the Ten Commandments) from God through Moses to the Jewish people at Mount Sinai approximately 3,320 years ago.
How did Justinian impact the Byzantine Empire?
Justinian I served as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565. Justinian is best remembered for his work as a legislator and codifier. During his reign, Justinian reorganized the government of the Byzantine Empire and enacted several reforms to increase accountability and reduce corruption.
What ended the Roman Republic?
Antony's defeat alongside his ally and lover Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian as Augustus in 27 BC—which effectively made him the first Roman emperor—marked the end of the Republic.
How did Sparta & Athens differ?
Athens was a democratic state where education, art, and philosophy was valued. Sparta was a military state where strength, size, and fighting capabilities were most important.
What were 3 reasons for the spread of Islam?
Islam spread through military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries.
Who is the founder of Christianity?
The history of Christianity begins with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher and healer who was crucified and died c. AD 30–33 in Jerusalem in the Roman province of Judea. Afterwards, his followers, a set of apocalyptic Jews, proclaimed him risen from the dead.
What is the legacy of the Byzantine Empire?
The Byzantine Empire influenced many cultures, primarily due to its role in shaping Christian Orthodoxy. The modern-day Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest Christian church in the world. Orthodoxy is central to the history and societies of Greece, Bulgaria, Russia, Serbia, and other countries.
What were the contributions of Pax Romana?
The 200 years of the Pax Romana saw many advances and accomplishments, particularly in engineering and the arts. To help maintain their sprawling empire, the Romans built an extensive system of roads. These durable road facilitated the movement of troops and communication.
What contributions flourished during the golden age of Pericles?
He advanced the foundations of democracy and governed during Athens's Golden Age, when the arts, architecture, and philosophy—as well as Athens itself—reached new heights. Pericles first made a name for himself in the city-state during his 20s as a wealthy aristocratic arts patron.
What does the Quran say about spreading Islam?
The Quran clearly condemns killing and reprimands those who would use force to spread Islam. God, we are told, is full of loving kindness (85:14), and his angels pray for forgiveness for all on earth (42:5).
Who is the founder of Islam?
The rise of Islam is intrinsically linked with the Prophet Muhammad, believed by Muslims to be the last in a long line of prophets that includes Moses and Jesus.
What was the Code of Justinian?
The Codex Justinianus, or Code of Justinian, was a legal code. It consisted of the various sets of laws and legal interpretations collected and codified by scholars under the direction of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I.
What caused the decline of Rome?
Corruption, the division of the empire, and invasion by Germanic tribes were the three main causes of the fall of Rome.
Who was Alexander the Great? What was Hellenistic culture?
Alexander the Great marks the beginning of the Hellenistic Age: a period where Greek culture was dominant across Europe and western Asia. This lasted until the conquest of Greece by Rome hundreds of years later. However, Alexander had established no clear heir.
Who spread the message of Islam?
Muhammad and his followers soon returned and took over the city, destroying all its pagan idols and spreading their belief in one God.
Republic
republic, form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body. Modern republics are founded on the idea that sovereignty rests with the people, though who is included and excluded from the category of the people has varied across history