Christianity
List 4 important people who played a major role in the spread of Christianity in Europe
Jesus, Constantine, Theodosius, Pope Gregory I, Clovis, and Charlemagne.
Describe an economic cause to the Fall of Rome.
Tax burden, widening gap between rich and poor, no more war plunder, inflation, disruption of trade.
How did Justinian impact the Byzantine Empire's political boundaries?
Justinian expanded empire West into North Africa, Italy, and part of the Iberian Peninsula
Which part of Europe was the Byzantine Empire centered in?
Eastern Europe
When did the Western Roman Empire collapse?
476
List 1 challenge to the spread of Christianity in Ancient Rome.
People were persecuted including Jesus early on.
Describe how splitting the empire and moving the capital contributed to the fall of Rome.
List 3 achievements made by Justinian.
Hagia Sophia, Hippodrome, Justinian's Code, Expanding empire.
What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
Which kingdom became the largest eventually in Western Europe after the Fall of Rome?
The Frankish Kingdom
How did 2 of these 5 people play a major role in Christianity spreading throughout Europe: Constantine, Theodosius, Pope Gregory I, Clovis, and Charlemagne?
Constantine: Edict of Milan officially tolerated Christianity
Theodosius: Made Christianity official Religion.
Pope Gregory I: Strengthened power of Roman Catholic Church.
Clovis: Frankish leader for about 30 years who expanded kingdom greatly, 1st Christian Ruler of Germanic Leaders.
Charlemagne: Led for about 45 years, expanded kingdom greatly, Christian, named Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope.
Lack of funding, struggling to recruit soldiers, lack of loyalty/motivation from Romans to serve and fight, over expanding, being invaded by Germanic Tribes.
How can Justinian's Code and Hagia Sophia be considered revolutionary?
Justinian Code - Body of laws that was basis of Byzantine Law for almost 1,000 years
Hagia Sophia - Biggest cathedral for about 1,000 years and 4th largest today.
Describe the geography of the Byzantine Empire. Include geographic features in your answer.
Eastern Europe. Centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which helped with trade and travel throughout empire
Define the Great Schism?
In 1054, the Catholic Church split into the Western Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
How did Christianity shape daily life in Europe?
Explain how the Fall of Rome changed the political boundaries in Europe.
Many kingdoms of different Germanic Tribes emerged in Western Rome as Eastern Rome AKA the Byzantine Empire emerged.
How does Justinian's Code compare to the Twelve Tables?
Same principles and morals; tend to be harsh and discriminatory based on our standards.
List 3 key achievements of the Byzantine Empire.
Lasted until 1453, preserved Greek and Roman culture and ideas, developed Justinian's Code, constructed the Hagia Sophia and Hippodrome.
List 2 causes to the Great Schism.
whether or not it was acceptable to use unleavened bread for the sacrament of communion
exact wording of the Nicene Creed
the Western belief that clerics should remain celibate.
Rome believed that the pope—the religious leader of the western church—should have authority over the patriarch—the religious authority of the eastern church
Each church recognized their own leaders, and when the western church eventually excommunicated Michael Cerularius and the entire eastern church.
The eastern church retaliated by excommunicating the Roman pope Leo III and the Roman church with him.
List 1 way Christianity unified people in Europe and list 1 way it divided people in Europe.
Unified - consistent faith throughout much of Europe for a long time. Tied into government.
Divided - Great Schism in 1054 led to split between Western Roman Catholic Church and Easter Orthodox Church.
Claim: Despite huge empires (such as Rome) having more people and land to work with, they are tougher to maintain.
Back up this claim including 2 reasons that support this claim.
A larger percentage of the make up are people who were conquered, more borders/land need to be protected, motivates surrounding civilizations to prepare for war as they feel insecure, tougher to unite many different people.
Justinian, Asoka, and Shi Huangdi can all be considered autocrats. What is an autocrat?
A leader with sole power over their civilization.
How was the Byzantine Empire's location advantageous?
Centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which allowed for trade and travel.
How could the Great Schism be argued as a turning point in world history?
This led to beginning of different Christian Denominations, which exist today.