The Anthropocene
When water is too warm, corals will expel the algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white.
What is coral bleaching?
This free atom is responsible for the stratospheric ozone depletion. (+50 to explain how this process occurs)
What is chlorine?
+50 - UV separates chlorine from CFCs, cholorine binds to ozone, breaking it down.
Invasive species are usually introduced by these means and compete with these types of species for resources.
What is human transport and native species?
As the atmosphere warms, heat is readily transferred and distributed to the ocean because water has a high this.
Fill in the blanks: _______ surfaces with lower __________ release more radiation (which we feel as warmth). Greenhouses gases absorb _________ radiation and trap it in the ________________. This is called the _____________________.
Dark, albedo, infrared, troposphere, greenhouse effect
Scientific data from over 750,000 years ago until the present day show that there is a strong correlation between these two factors.
What is CO2 levels and temperature of our planet?
This molecule is the main cause of anthropogenic ozone breakdown. Ozone is important because it protects organisms from ________________.
What are CFCs; UV rays?
The "life strategy" that invasive species tend to fall under.
What is R-selected species and/or generalist?
Two (or +more) effects of ocean warming on Marine Species?
Suffocation due to less dissolved O2 in warm water; migratory routes altered; mating seasons altered; habitat loss; coral bleaching; toxic algae bloom.
Two major sources of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs
Treaty to protect the endangered species from the threat of illegal international trade.
What is CITES?
Opposite of an op - This global agreement sought to phase out the use of CFCs.
What is the Montreal Protocol?
These are three characteristics of invasive species.
What is....high biotic potential; low parental care; adaptable; diverse habitat needs; diverse food needs
The indirect relationship between this ion and this abiotic factor that describes ocean acidification.
What is ... as H+ ion concentration increases, the pH decreases.
This greenhouse has a GWP (global warming potential) larger than that of CO2, and is a product of animal agriculture and anaerabic decomposition. (+100 for its GWP value)
What is methane?
Describe the two specific reasons that sea levels are rising?
What is... thermal expansion (warmer water expands and moves more) and melting glacial ice (more GHG causes melting of glacial ice)?
The time (approx. month(s)) of year when the hole in the ozone layer becomes more prominent over Antarctica. This phenomenon is called __________.
About August-October; Antarctica Spring.
Examples -
Zebra Mussel - transported on ships, aggresive feeders and breeders, clog pipes
Kudzu Vine - Meant to control soil erosion in Southern US, grows fast and blocks sunlight for natives
Python - Released into wild by exotic pet owners, eliminated mammals in Everglades by 90%.
The chemical equation for an increased CO2 in the ocean.
This causes ... ___________.
CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> H+ and HCO3-
Two (or more) major sources of Carbon Dioxide, CO2 ? The GWP (global warming potential) value of CO2 ?
What is...fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, aerobic decomposition, cellular respiration, volcanic eruption?
What is 1?
The meaning behind the acronym HIPPCO?
HIPPCO is an acronym to describe the Human Threats to Biodiversity.
Habitat fragmentation/loss, Invasive species, Population growth, Pollutants, Climate change, Over exploitation.
CFCs were ultimately replaced with these molecules. These replacements are much better because of of these two factors.
What is HFOs? HFOs have zero ODP (ozone depleting potential) and very low GWP (global warming potential)
Name three methods to control invasives.
Natural predators (aka biocontrol); physical removal; removal of hosts; laws preventing transport.
These are the two important ions needed by marine organisms to build their shells.
What is calcium (Ca2+) and carbonate (CO32-)?
Five gases responsible for the greenhouse effect.
What is CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, H2O ?