Nations & States
Explain how the Kurds are a stateless nation.
The Kurds are a group of people who share cultural practices with each other. This makes them a nation. They don't have and land of their own but they want land of their own. This makes them stateless. This is how they are a stateless nation.
What part of the world is Intensive Subsistence Agriculture mostly in?
Developing, poorer countries.
Direct Democracy and Representative Democracy are different because Direct has all the people vote to make laws while Representative has people vote for representatives to makes the laws for them.
When was the First Agricultural Revolution?
Around 10,000 years ago
How Is Gentrification good for a place?
It can improve a place through renovations
Why could Ukraine and other prior-Soviet countries be considered Buffer States in Europe?
Because they block Russia from NATO and the EU
How does Organic Agriculture prevent the environmental impacts of other types of agriculture?
Organic Agriculture doesn't use synthetic fertilizers or other chemicals which prevents runoff of those chemicals into streams and water systems.
What is a Monarchy and what are 2 examples of one?
Oldest form of government
Ruler inherits power
When the ruler dies, power automatically passes to one of the monarch’s children or close relatives
Kings, emperors, or sultans -- fulfill their role as supreme ruler by surrounding themselves with followers and advisors who help them govern
Older forms of monarchy believed in divine right, which allowed for absolute rule
Now, most monarchies are constitutional, and power is vested in a parliament or at least a written constitution to hold the monarch accountable
Ex: Britain, Jordan, Liechtenstein, Andorra, UAE
What is one place that Pastoral Nomadism is common in?
The Sahel region of Africa (North of the Sahara), Central Asia, the Middle East, and the highlands of the Andes.
What is Marginilizing?
To put someone or group kept in a less powerful or unimportant position within a society or group
What are all the types of State Boundaries and what is an example of each?
Geometric: Straight line (usually) boundaries that do not conform to specific physical features. The border of Alaska and Canada
Natural/Physical:Natural border turned into political border when states were formed. Ex: The Pacific ocean for the US
Superimposed:boundaries happen as a result of something and are made by outside orgs. Ex: Yugoslavia collapse, Ottoman Empire collapse
What is Agribusiness?
Development of business side of farming
Branding referred to as “value added”
Increased connectedness of farming and business
What is the difference between Republics and Democracies?
Republics are governments without a king or queen. Often times, people in republics choose representatives to make decisions on their behalf. They could also be ruled by a group of hereditary nobles. Another type would be an Oligarchy.
Democracies are governments that are based on the will of the people. The people will either vote for laws and decisions themselves or vote for people to make decisions for them.
What did Norman Borlaug introduce to the world that helped save many people?
Norman Borlaug introduced High-Yield wheat varieties which needed less water but more fertilizers. He also lead to the use of more Pesticides & Herbicides.
How is GNI (Gross National Income) different from GDP (Gross Domestic Product)?
GDP is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period while GNI is the monetary value of all goods and services produced by a nations people and businesses.
Explain the concept of a shatterbelt through the example of (pre-soviet collapse - 1949-1991) Cuba.
Cuba was influenced by Communist Russia throughout that time and the communist party that was in power was helped by the Soviets. Cuba was also influnced by the US when they used Cuban refugees to try and overthrow Fidel Castro.
How does Desertification connect to Monoculture?
Monoculture, the planting of a single crop, can dry up the soil due to the overplanting of that crop and cause Desertification.
Why can Theocracies be hostile to people not of the state's religon?
Theocracies have rules that are of the state's religion which means you can be in-prisoned for rules that are really strict in certain areas.
What are the three sectors developed in the Third Agricultural Revolution and what were the Biotechnological improvements?
Primary Sector:
Cultivation and harvesting of produce
Secondary Sector:
Processing of crops
Tertiary Sector:
Marketing and advertising products
Biotechnological phase
Inorganic fertilizers and manufactured products replace manure
Increased use of herbicides, pesticides, fungicides to increase yields
How is the Gender Inequality Index (GII) different from the Gender Development Index (GDI)?
The GII measures gender-based inequality across three key dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market. This is different from the GDI which measures gender-inequalities three key dimensions: health, knowledge, and living standards, using female and male indicators separately. The GDI is calculated as the ratio of the female Human Development Index (HDI) to the male HDI. A GDI value closer to 1 indicates greater gender equality, while values further from 1 suggest larger gender disparities.
GDI measures separately while the GII measure together.
What is a state and what are all 3 things a states need to be considered an actual state?
A State is a political unit with a permanent population, sovereign territory, an effective government and working economy, and legitimacy by other states
A State needs:
Territoriality:
The effort to control pieces of the earth’s surface for personal, political, or social ends.
Sovereignty:
The power that a government has to control its own territory
Legitimacy:
Recognition of that power by other countries
How did Plantation Farming contribute to the growth of America as a Global superpower?
Plantation Farming - the practice of cultivating of a single crop over a large area of land, often producing cash crops for export with a focus on large-scale production using a lot of labor.
Plantation farming grew the American economy through its mass exportation to other countries, and the cheap labor it had because of slavery.
Using 2 (Current Times) examples of Totalitarian states, explain how these types of states work.
System in which government controls all aspects of individual life
One political party (or none), labor unions, etc. Government controls religious groups, police, economy, and education
Government also controls all television, radio, newspapers, internet.
Censorship is common
Ex: North Korea, Eritrea, China, Myanmar/Burma
What were some of the Advantages and Disadvantages of the First Agricultural Revolution?
Advantages
Controllable food supply
Can create a surplus (extra)
Can be done almost anywhere
(with the right tools and tech)
Disadvantages
Radically alters the environment and land
It’s really, really hard.
Enslaved people end up doing the hard work
How did Restrictive Covenants affect the ethnic enclaves of immigrants and the dispersement of colored people in the USA?
Restrictive Covenants made it so that people who met certain criteria, in this case people of color or immigrants, couldn't buy a property that had one of these Restrictive Covenants.