Global Shifts in Power
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, and George V of England are descendants of this European Monarch that would become Empress of India in her later years.
Queen Victoria
A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modern liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution.
Young Turks
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war
Militarism
A series of laws enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform.
New Deal
First fascist leaders that emerged in Europe and would later be responsible for the Second World War.
Adolf Hitler & Benito Mussolini
Chemical weapon first used in WWI by the German army
Poison Gas
Chinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Guomindang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China.
Sun Yat-sen
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Nationalism
One form of lasting internationalism that involves athletes from all over the world gathering in one place to compete with one another.
Olympics
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
Propaganda
Set of discriminatory laws toward Jewish people in Germany. Laws included the stripping away of German citizenship from Jewish people and the outlawing of intermarriages between Jewish people and Germans.
Nuremberg Laws
Fought over a period of almost 10 years; resulted in the overthrow of Porfirio Diaz from power
Mexican Revolution
Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. His assassination in Sarajevo would be the spark to start World War I.
Franz Ferdinand
Stalin's economic plan for the Soviet Union that relies heavily on a centrally planned economy to increase industrial output.
Five Year Plan
"Lighting war", type of fast-moving warfare used by German forces in World War 2
Blitzkrieg
Weapon developed by the Manhattan Project. It would later be used to destroy the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to bring an end to WWII.
Atomic Bomb
A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.
Pancho Villa
Primary form of warfare during WWI. This style of warfare would create miserable conditions for the soldiers as disease, despair, and death would completely surround them.
Trench Warfare
Treaty particularly known for its harsh reparations towards the Germans after World War I.
Treaty of Versailles
The widespread arrests and executions of over a million people by Joseph Stalin. He was attempting to eliminate all opposition to his rule of the Soviet Union.
The Great Purge
Agreement between Stalin and Hitler that ensured peace between the two leaders while their respective nations invaded Poland.
Non-Aggression Pact
The revolution against the Tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government until the eventual rise of the Bolshevik party
Russian Revolution
Enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
Conscription
Organization formed by the Soviet Union to coordinate the activities of Communist parties in other countries
Communist International
Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people
Lebensruam
German forces surrounded this Russian city, cutting off supplies. About one million people died of starvation and cold weather.
Seige at Leningrad