PH.GH.
What is the core mission of public health according to the IOM (1988)?
to “fulfill society’s interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.”
What is One Health (WHO fact sheet summary)?
An integrated, unifying approach to balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems, leveraging their interdependent links for surveillance and control.
What is the “global health system”?
Transnational actors whose primary intent is to improve health, operating in polylateral arrangements for governance, finance, and delivery.
What is the human rights frame?
This frame anchors public policy in dignity, respect, and legal obligations.
what is a sector-wide approach (SWAp)?
An approach designed to align donors and government funding around a single, country-led health strategy.
What is policy-led prevention?
Between the two prevention logics shown in class, the one that uses laws, prices, and design at the population level has broader reach and higher equity impact.
List at least four common One Health issue areas.
AMR; zoonotic diseases; vector-borne diseases; food safety/foodborne disease; environmental health (air/water/climate). (Any four).
Which actor type dominates by count in the mapping exercise?
Civil society/NGOs.
Name weaknesses in Germany’s public health (ÖGD) exposed by COVID-19 (score ≥3).
Lack of planning/coordination/resources/preparedness; responsibilities (e.g., testing) negotiated locally; no unified digital monitoring for infections/tests/vaccinations; difficult federal-level cooperation; understaffed ÖGD; weak links to research.
Define HiAP in one sentence.
strategic approach that integrates health and equity into all public policies to improve population health and reduce inequities?
What are health inequities?
Differences in health that are unfair, avoidable, or remediable because they arise from social conditions and unequal power/resources are called this.
What does zoonotic spillover mean in this context?
When infectious diseases jump from animals to people.
What is Global Health Governance?
Use of formal and informal institutions, rules, and processes” to tackle cross-border health challenges.
what is the McKeown debate?
Historical debate attributed declining tuberculosis mortality mainly to rising incomes and nutrition, but later consensus emphasized multiple causes including sanitation, policy, and medical advances.
Of the three policy situations that favor HiAP, give one
addressing complex health challenges
external policies with high health impact
government priority affecting many sectors
According to the Koplan table, what is the major objective of global health?
Health equity for all countries.
Give one critical gap in One Health implementation highlighted by WHO.
lack of an integrated One Health surveillance model; weak data-sharing systems; limited workforce and coordination mechanisms; no standardized spillover risk assessment.
List Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness Principles?
Ownership, Alignment, Harmonization, Managing for Results, Mutual Accountability
Which global framework in the module connects health with environmental sustainability and development?
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
What are the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHFs) for?
They set minimum public health functions, strengthen system resilience, and bridge health with allied sectors
Which two developments over the last 150 years shaped modern public health?
Growth of scientific knowledge about controlling disease and growth of public acceptance of disease control as a public responsibility.
List (as many as possible) planetary boundary → draw health linkages.
• Climate change → heat stress, extreme weather injuries
• Land-system change → altered mosquito/tick habitats
• Ocean acidification → loss of fisheries and protein sources
• Aerosol loading → cardiorespiratory disease
• Biosphere integrity loss → reduced pollination, less dietary diversity
• Novel entities (e.g., persistent chemicals) → toxic exposures, endocrine disruption
Name as many as you can of the actor categories we used in the group work.
UN / intergovernmental organizations; bilateral or national public agencies; multilateral development banks; public–private partnerships / product-development partnerships; NGOs / civil society; philanthropic foundations; academic & research institutions; private sector / industry; professional associations; regional public health bodies; global initiatives/events.
Give the year for as many of these milestones as you can:
WHO 1948; Alma-Ata 1978; Ottawa Charter 1986; MDGs 2000; Paris Declaration 2005; SDGs 2015.
Name at least six of WHO’s Essential Public Health Functions (EPHFs).
surveillance/monitoring; health protection (environmental/occupational); health promotion; disease prevention; emergency management; governance/leadership; financing; workforce; information/research; community engagement; access to services; evaluation.