New Ideas
A systematic, step-by-step method of discovering truth using observation and experimentation.
Answer: What is the Scientific Method?
A government system in Russia where a single ruler held total, unchecked political power.
Answer: What is an Autocracy?
A society where daily life depended completely on farming land with simple hand tools.
Answer: What is an Agrarian society?
In 1698, Czar Peter the Great ordered nobles to cut their robes and taxed men who kept long beards. What was his main goal?
Answer: What is forcing Russian society to adopt Western European fashion and customs?
Complete the sentence: Peter the Great forced Russian nobles to accept Western culture because...
Answer: ...he wanted Russia to modernize and compete with rival European superpowers.
An intellectual movement in the 1600s and 1700s where thinkers used reason to question government and society.
Answer: What is the Enlightenment?
Peter the Great’s policy forcing Russian nobles to shorten their robes and shave traditional beards.
Answer: What is Westernization?
A government system where a king or queen holds complete control over all laws, taxes, and policies.
Answer: What is an Absolute Monarchy?
Because Russia’s northern ocean ports along the White Sea froze shut for six months every year, trade stopped. What was the czars' goal?
Answer: What is securing warm-water ports along the Baltic and Black Seas?
Complete the sentence: Russia's northern ocean ports froze shut during the winter, so...
Answer: ...Russian czars fought wars to secure warm-water ports on the Baltic and Black Seas.
Fundamental rights every human being is born with, such as life, liberty, and property.
Answer: What are Natural Rights?
A coastal harbor whose waters do not freeze in winter, allowing trade ships to sail all year long.
Answer: What is a Warm-Water Port?
The belief that a monarch’s authority to rule comes directly from God.
Answer: What is Divine Right?
The Ottoman Sultan allowed religious minorities to run local courts and schools in exchange for loyalty and taxes. What was this called?
Answer: What is the Millet System?
Complete the sentence: Kings claimed their absolute power came directly from Divine Right, but...
Answer: ...Enlightenment philosophers argued that government power comes from citizens born with natural rights.
The scientific discovery showing that the Sun sits at the center of the solar system while planets orbit around it.
Answer: What is the Heliocentric Theory?
A system that legally tied millions of poor peasant workers to noble farmland.
Answer: What is Serfdom?
The Ottoman Empire policy that allowed Christian and Jewish communities to govern their own local affairs.
Answer: What is the Millet System?
Astronomers used telescope observations and math to prove the Heliocentric View. What major impact did this have?
Answer: What is challenging traditional Church authority using logic and observation?
Complete the sentence: Catherine the Great studied European ideas about human freedom, but...
Answer: ...she expanded serfdom to protect her royal power and keep noble landowners loyal.
The philosopher who argued that governments exist solely to protect citizens' natural rights under a social contract.
Answer: Who is John Locke?
The title given to the absolute emperor who held total control over Russia.
Answer: What is a Czar?
A ranked system that placed rich rulers at the top and poor peasants at the bottom.
Answer: What is a Social Hierarchy?
John Locke wrote that citizens have a right to replace any government that breaks the social contract and abuses power. What core idea is this?
Answer: What is governments exist to protect the natural rights of citizens?
Complete the sentence: Researchers during the Scientific Revolution began using the Scientific Method so...
Answer: ...they could prove truth through observation and experimentation instead of relying on ancient beliefs.