Abina
The European country that had colonized the territory where Abinah Mansah lived
Great Britain
In his Two Treatises on Government, he argued that people form governments to protect their rights, and if a government does not protect these rights, people have a right to overthrow it
John Locke
the group that consisted of the bourgeoisie (middle class), poor city workers (sans-culottes), and rural peasants
Third Estate
people of European descent born in the colonies
creoles
a new source of energy that, in turn, led to improvement in iron production; used to power steam engines (which would become an important power source for machines)
coal
The name of the colony where Abinah Mansah lived
Gold Coast
A French thinker of the 1700s, he criticized the French government and the Catholic Church for failing to permit religious toleration and intellectual freedom
adopted by the National Assembly in 1789, this document established the principles that became the basis for the slogan of the French Revolution: liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
people born in Spain
peninsulares
Written by German philosopher Karl Marx and German economist Friedrich Engels, the book argued that: history was a class struggle between wealthy capitalists (bourgeoisie), and the working class (proletariat)
Communist Manifesto
A wealthy country person who owned many enslaved peoples and other dependents and interacted with merchants and traders
Quamina Eddoo
In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), she argued that women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be only because they lack education
Mary Wollstonecraft
a period during the French Revolution (1793–1794) when tens of thousands of people, regarded as "enemies of the revolution," were executed; thousands were imprisoned
Reign of Terror
Nicknamed "the Liberator," he was an educated creole who vowed to fight Spanish rule in South America
Simón Bolívar
an effort in the 1700s and 1800s to turn common land shared by peasant farmers into privately owned land divided by walls and fences
Enclosure Movement
The descendant of an Irish merchant who had married into a powerful local family of chiefs and traders. He had strong ties to the British authorities
James Hutton Brew
A French philosopher who believed that the powers of government should be separated into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
Baron de Montesquieu
a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution
Jean Jacques Dessalines
A Catholic priest and leader of the Mexican War of Independence
Miguel Hidalgo
Theory that argues that businesses should be allowed to operate free of government regulation
laissez faire economics
the name given to a collection of peoples speaking related languages and sharing a number of cultural institutions, this group currently makes up a majority of the population of modern-day Ghana.
Akan
Known as the "father of taxonomy," he published Systema Naturae
Carl Linnaeus
A radical revolutionary political movement led by Maximilien Robespierre
Jacobins
caudillo
invented by Samuel Crompton in 1779
spinning mule