Paleolithic Life
What do we call people who move from place to place following food and resources?
Nomads.
What major change happened about 12,000 years ago when humans shifted from hunting and gathering to growing crops?
The adoption of agriculture (farming)
Where did early civilizations often form because of fertile soil, water for crops, and easy travel?
River valleys.
Which Babylonian king created a set of 282 rules to unify his empire and encourage justice?
Hammurabi.
Which region’s rugged geography led to independent city‑states like Athens and Sparta?
Ancient Greece.
What term describes people who survived by hunting wild animals and foraging for plants?
Hunter-gatherers.
What is the term for taming and raising animals for human use?
Domestication of animals.
Which river supported the development of Ancient Egypt?
The Nile River.
On what type of large stone monument were Hammurabi’s laws carved?
A stele
Which Greek city‑state is famous for early democracy and philosophical thinkers?
Athens
What Paleolithic innovation helped humans cook, stay warm, and protect themselves?
Fire
What agricultural outcome allowed permanent settlements, population growth, and job specialization?
Food surplus.
Which civilization developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
Mesopotamia
Hammurabi’s laws imposed different punishments depending on what social factor of the accused and victim?
Social classes
What was the Roman political system that featured elected officials before emperors rose to power?
The Roman Republic.
What is the belief that spirits live in natural objects like plants, animals, or rocks?
Animism.
Name two technologies that developed from farming for working soil and making cloth.
The plow and weaving techniques.
Which river supported the growth of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for planned cities like Harappa and Mohenjo‑Daro?
The Indus River.
Besides crimes, what did Hammurabi’s Code set standards and penalties for in commercial interactions?
Fines and punishments.
Which Macedonian conqueror spread Greek culture as far as Persia and Egypt?
Alexander the Great.
Which group typically hunted while women and children gathered in many Paleolithic societies?
Men
What term describes the set of features (religion, government, writing, cities, technology, job specialization, social hierarchy) that define complex societies?
Civilization
What is the practice of supplying controlled amounts of water to fields to improve crop growth?
Irrigation.
Which legal principle does Hammurabi’s Code reflect that protects defendants until evidence is shown?
Innocent‑until‑proven‑guilty.
What Roman engineering structures carried water long distances into cities?
Aqueducts.