Enlightenment
This philosopher argued that all people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property
John Locke
This revolution in 1789 began because of economic hardship, inequality among social classes, and a weak king
This system, promoted by Karl Marx, aims to create a classless society where workers share ownership of businesses and farms.
Communism
What is imperialism?
When a stronger country takes control of a weaker country for land, resources, or power
Enslaved Africans in Saint-Domingue revolted against French colonists, successfully ending slavery and creating an independent nation.
Power
HRV
Conflict
This Enlightenment thinker argued that government should have separate branches to prevent any one person or group from gaining too much power.
Montesquieu
He led the Bolsheviks during the 1917 Russian Revolution and promised ‘Peace, Land, and Bread.
Vladimir Lenin
During the Industrial Revolution, many workers moved from farms to cities. This is known as…
Urbanization
During the 19th century, European nations divided almost the entire continent of Africa among themselves in what was called this
Scramble for Africa
New technologies such as tanks, machine guns, and chemical weapons changed the way wars were fought, increasing both efficiency and destruction on the battlefield.
Technology
Innovation
He argued for freedom of speech and religion.
This leader organized enslaved Africans to successfully overthrow French colonial rule in the first successful slave revolt.
Toussaint Louverture
This invention, powered by steam, allowed factories and trains to produce and move goods faster than ever before
Steam Engine
This term described Europeans’ supposed duty to bring their religion, culture, and ‘civilization’ to people in Africa and Asia
White Mans Burden
Peasants and urban workers rose up against heavy taxation and unfair treatment by the nobility, demanding more say in government.
Inequality
Power
HRV
This philosopher wrote The Social Contract and believed in the general will.
Rousseau
Both the French Revolution and many Latin American revolutions were inspired by this intellectual movement, which promoted ideas like natural rights, equality, and the social contract.
The Enlightenment
During the Industrial Revolution, changes were made to improve conditions caused by industrialization, such as unsafe factories, overcrowded cities, and pollution. This process of making society better is known as
Reforms
In some parts of Asia & Africa, European countries didn't fully control territory but claimed exclusive trading rights or economic control in certain areas. This was known as...
Sphere of Influence
Thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu promoted ideas about natural rights, democracy, and the separation of powers, inspiring revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America.
Ideas and beliefs
This Enlightenment concept argued that people have the right to overthrow a government that fails to protect their natural rights, inspiring revolutions like the American and French Revolutions
Social Contract
This revolutionary leader helped UNIFY many regions of South America, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, during their fight for independence from Spain
Simon Bolivar
This economic system allowed private business owners to make profits during the Industrial Revolution, often leading to poor working conditions for laborers
Capitalism
Imperialism often caused resistance from colonized peoples, leading to revolts, nationalism, and eventually independence. Give one historical example from Africa or Asia.
Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1858) India
Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) China
After the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte expanded French control across Europe, leading to wars with multiple nations as he sought to increase his power.
Power
Conflict