Enlightenment & French Revolution
Nationalist Movements
Industrial Revolution
Imperialism
Miscellaneous
108
Why was the Third Estate in France upset at King Louis XVI in the late 18th century?
The Third Estate did all the work and paid all the taxes, while the royal family lived luxurious lives.
108
Who was one of the main leaders of the South American independence/Colombian nationalist movements?
Simon Bolivar
108
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A period in the 19th century in which countries began transitioning away from small-scale, local, hand production to large scale mass production using machines.
108
What was the name of the 1884 meeting in which European powers divided up Africa into colonial claims?
The Berlin Conference
Bonus 100 points: Though European powers colonized 90% of Africa, which one country managed to remain fully independent?
108
Who comprised the first and second estate in 18th century France?
Clergy and Nobles
216
What did John Locke say should happen to governments that violate citizens' rights to life, liberty, and property?
They should be overthrown.
216
What is nationalism?
The belief that a particular "nation" (group of people with shared culture, language, etc.) should have a state (country) of their own.
216
How did the introduction of machines into production effect workers?
Many workers lost their jobs as their labor was replaced by machines.
216
How did China react to England smuggling opium into the country?
They banned the drug and asked England to stop importing it.
216
Who famously wrote the line "Workers of the world unite!"
Karl Marx
324
What was the Congress of Vienna
A meeting held by the old nobles of Europe after they defeated Napoleon, planning how to prevent any more revolutions in Europe and how to maintain a balance of power.
324
How did the Haitian Revolution impact France?
France lost access to its most profitable colony in the Americas.
324
According to Karl Marx, what are the two main social classes in capitalist societies?
The Proletariat (working class) and the Bourgeoisie (owning class)
324
Define Imperialism/Colonization
a process of establishing control over areas or peoples for foreign people to advance their trade, cultivation, exploitation and possibly settlement.
324
What is the difference between the "White Man's Burden" and "Social Darwinist" line of thinking? What's the similarity?
"White Man's Burden" argues that Europeans should use their "superiority" to "civilize" the rest of the world, while "social darwinism" argues that Europeans should use their "superiority" to dominate the rest of the world.
- Both are rooted in claims of White supremacy
432
What was the defining feature of the European Enlightenment?
Europeans began questioning traditional systems of authority. ("Because God said so!" is no longer good enough)
432
What was the effect of nationalism in Germany and Italy?
Germans and Italians each unified into their own nation-states.
432
What did Marx claim would end the exploitation of capitalism?
A workers' revolution overthrowing the owning class
432
How did Britain cause mass starvation in Ireland in the mid 19th century?
When a disease killed Ireland's potatoes, England continued exporting Ireland's other crops, leaving Ireland with nothing to eat
432
DOUBLE POINTS
Define the following terms:
- Absolutist Monarchy
- Constitutional Monarchy
- Democracy
Absolutist monarchy: A system of government in which a king/queen who makes all laws with no input from the public.
Constitutional Monarchy: A system of government with a king/queen whose power is limited by some level of public representation.
Democracy: A system of government where the public runs the government through votes.
540
What did Enlightenment thinkers want to be the role of government?
To represent the citizenry (public) and protect people's rights
540
What were the factors that led to the Haitian Revolution?
- High turnover rate of enslaved Africans meant most of the population remembered freedom
- Voodoo created community among enslaved people, allowed them to organize
- Enlightenment ideas/watching their enslavers (France) have a revolution inspired Haitians to try for themselves.
540
What were the environmental impacts of the industrial revolution and its associated urbanization?
Industrialization: Air and water pollution
Urbanization: Crowded living, disease
540
Which industrial transportation technology enabled European colonizers to transport extracted resources from the inland of their colonies to ports on the coast?
Railroads/Trains
540
Who was the German political leader who oversaw both the unification of Germany and the Berlin Conference?
Otto von Bismarck
658
Name the respective authors of the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman" and the "Vindication of the Rights of Women"
Declaration - Olympe de Gouge
Vindication - Mary Wollstonecraft
658
Which Prussian leaders were the primary advocates for German unification?
Bismarck and Wilhelm
658
What was the report that detailed the brutal conditions of child labor in British factories?
Sadler Report
658
Name three examples of African societies resisting colonization.
* Zulu War, 1879: In southern Africa, the Zulu Kingdom held off British conquest for 6 months.
* Samoridugu, 1878: In west Africa, Samori Touré’s kingdom held off France for 20 years.
* Ethiopia, 1896: The East African kingdom beat Italy and was the only African country never colonized.
* Maji Maji Rebellion, 1905: People in German East Africa (Tanzania) tried, but failed, to kick Germany out.
* Mahdist Revolt, 1884: Sudan won independence until reconquered by the British in 1899.
* 1897 Lagos Strike
* 1929 Igbo Women's War (Nigeria)
658
What led to the Indian Sepoy Rebellion of 1857?
- Indian soldiers were sick of low pay, religious discrimination, and being forced to work far from home.
Bonus 216 Points: What was the main result of the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857