Nature of Sovereignty
What is the basic definition of sovereignty?
The power or authority of a state to govern itself without external influence.
What is one challenge to state sovereignty in the 21st century?
Globalization, which increases interdependence among states.
(Other acceptable answers may include technology, changing ideas of sovereignty, and disputes over territory)
Name one major human rights treaty.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
What is realism?
A political theory that emphasizes the competitive and conflictual side of international relations.
Define "human rights."
Principles that aim to protect individuals' freedoms and dignity.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
Answer: The treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, establishing the concept of state sovereignty in international law.
How does globalization challenge sovereignty?
It leads to increased influence from international organizations and non-state actors.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
A document adopted by the UN in 1948 that outlines fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
Name a key concept in liberalism.
The importance of state institutions in global governance and an emphasis on individual rights.
What does equality mean in the context of human rights?
The principle that all individuals have the same rights and deserve equal protection under the law.
What is internal sovereignty?
Aspects of sovereignty that relate to a state's governance over its own territory and population.
Provide an example of a nationalist movement challenging sovereignty.
The Catalan independence movement in Spain.
What year was CEDAW adopted?
1979
What is a core principle of constructivism?
The belief that identities and interests are socially constructed through interaction.
Explain the difference between equality and equity.
Equality means treating everyone the same, while equity involves recognizing different circumstances and allocating resources accordingly.
How does sovereignty relate to international law?
Sovereignty grants states the authority to govern themselves, but they must also adhere to international laws and treaties they ratify.
What role do non-state actors play in challenges to sovereignty?
Non-state actors, such as NGOs and multinational corporations, can influence state policies and public opinion.
What is the purpose of CEDAW?
To address all forms of discrimination against women, covering areas like politics, economics, social life, education, health, and legal equality. It aims to ensure women's equal rights and opportunities, promoting gender equality in all aspects of life
Describe the Marxist perspective on human rights.
Marxists argue that human rights serve the interests of the capitalist class and do not address economic inequalities.
Explain the difference between positive and negative rights. Give an example of each.
negative rights = rights that cannot be infringed on by the government or other governing body.
positive rights = rights that need to be provided by the government or governing body.
What are the four criteria of sovereignty?
Sources include legal authority within the state, clear borders, an official population, and recognition by other states
Analyze the impact of humanitarian interventions on sovereignty.
Humanitarian interventions can undermine state sovereignty by allowing external powers to intervene in a state's internal affairs.
What are the two covenants that make up the International Bill of Human Rights?
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.
How does post-colonialism view human rights?
It critiques the universal application of human rights, arguing that they can reflect Western values and undermine local cultures.
negative liberty = freedom from interference
positive liberty = freedom to pursue what you'd like to