Lesson 5.1: Farming & Complexity
The way people got food for most of human history
What is foraging?
Ancient civilization that appeared in the Nile River floodplain
What is Egypt?
The two rivers that served as their water sources
What are the Tigris and Euphrates?
Their decline was most likely caused by the shifting of this river
What is the Indus River?
What is a hierarchy?
Name for the start of farming in the Fertile Crescent
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
Another word for "agricultural" or "farming" society
What is agrarian?
They were politically divided into several _________________
What are city-states?
They were most likely governed by several wealthy ______________ who shared power
What are families?
Type of irrigation that allowed them to grow more than just staple crops
What is basin irrigation?
The end of this caused areas around the world to get warmer, wetter climates, suitable for agriculture
What is the Last Ice Age?
Another word for overabundance, especially when talking about resources
What is surplus?
The writing system they used
What is cuneiform?
Two mountain ranges that protected them from invasion
What are the Himalayas and Hindu Kush?
The Nile was used to transport goods throughout Egypt and into the ______________
What is Mediterranean?
These two things forced sedentary people to find a way to get more resources out of a given area
What are overpopulation and climate change?
The type of crop that could be grown in a given region depends on fertility of the soil, availability of water, the climate, and the ______________
What is altitude?
Snows thawing on these mountains caused annual flooding
What are the Zagros Mountains?
Archaeologists have found many of these things, thought to be used either for trade or religious purposes
What are seals?
Their government controlled agriculture, labor, the military, and ________________
What is religion?
Last region of the world that was settled by foraging groups, so there was no large area left to migrate to as a forager
What are the Americas?
Earliest-known civilization that invented written language
What is Mesopotamia?
The first known empire, formed in Mesopotamia
What is the Akkadian Empire?
The division of a society into classes, with some having more access to resources and higher status than others
What is social stratification?
The writing system they used
What are hieroglyphics?