Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution
The most important innovation from the Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Method
The estate most impacted by the King's taxes before the Rev.
The Third Estate
The key consequence of Napoleon's Peninsular War
drained French resources and morale
A state (organized political community) where the people are largely unified through a shared history, culture, descent, language, etc. (a nation)
The economic theory that dominated industrial capitalism
Laissez-Faire
This philosopher argued that man is naturally evil
Thomas Hobbes
This event is marked as the beginning of the French Revolution
The Storming of the Bastille
Napoleon's most enduring domestic reform
The Napoleonic Codes
Prussia and her chancellor Otto Von Bismarck united Germany through
Militarism (Blood & Iron)
Railroad's and the Steam Engine's impact on Industrialization
facilitated faster movement of goods and transportation efficiency
The enlightenment philosopher who argued for a separation of powers
Montesquieu
The Reign of Terror's justification
To protect the revolution
Napoleon's Concordat of 1801
allowed for religious freedom, Catholicism is the religion of the majority
Garibaldi united Italy mainly through
Populism (the use of popular revolts and protests)
As urbanization increased, living conditions...
worsened
This agreement argues that people consent to be governed by giving up some freedoms in order to gain the benefits of government
The Social Contract
This political group was by far the most radical during the French Rev.
The Jacobins
Napoleon's Continental System failed because of this state's naval superiority
Britain's
After Napoleon's reign and the Congress of Vienna, this ideology gained momentum across Europe
Conservatism
The British role in the Irish-Potato Famine
Provided insufficient relief and continued to export food
The core belief of Enlightenment thinkers about the progress of society
People, driven by reason, can improve themselves through education and reform.
The Tennis Court Oath shows the solidarity of this group.
The Third Estate
Napoleon's Role during the first stages of the French Revolution
Military General
Napoleon's reforms and the Rise of Nationalism encouraged this
The eventual end of all European monarchies, trending toward smaller, independent republics
Unions emerged as a response to industrialization because of this
to address unsafe working conditions and low wages