Globalization

Riding the Wave

100

Many of these labor regulation laws, and the diffusion thereof, came about during the 'n'th century:

n = 19

200

Policymakers enacted this type of treaty in order to avoid costly trade wars due to labor regulation differences:

Bilateral Labor Treaties

300

The New World was insulated from external pressure to enact labor regulations for this reason:

There was a structural disconnect between the New World and Europe due to the domestic markets and the domestic concerns trumped external pressure

of Trade

100

Founded in 1900, the ________ coordinated research on working conditions and evolved into a well-organized pressure group for the harmonization of labor standards:

International Association of Labor Legislation (IALL)

200

As stated in the conclusion, since the adoption of new laws was conditional on guaranteed market access, 'x' and 'y' rose together:

Trade and labor regulation

300

Many European countries adopted, or imported/exported labor regulations as if they were goods for this reason:

They relied heavily on each other for international trade markets, and if some countries initialized certain labor regulations, they were likely to conflict with and influence neighboring countries

The Red Queen

100

What is Hard Red Wheat?

Characteristics include tougher outer husk, successful in regions with harsh climates, and contributed to U.S. wheat productivity (ex. Red Fife)

200

Why does the article speculate New England did not become a wheat-producing region?

Could not find "winter hardy, rust-resistant wheat that could withstand the harsh New England winters

300

What is the Red Queen Effect?

This term describes the race between agricultural pests/diseases and the development of disease-resistant crops ( inspired by a character from Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass)

and the Hard Reds

100

What is rust?

Fungal disease, estimated loss of 25-40 million bushels except for durum crop.

200

What is plant breeding or selective breeding?

Selecting and cross-breeding plants to improve wheat yields and develop disease and pest resistance crops in the United States from 1800 to 1940

300

How did wheat productivity change affect the U.S. economy, particularly regarding yield “breakpoint”?

Without biological learning over 28% of U.S. wheat land in 1909 would have fallen below bushel standard. Acreage would have remained rangeland. The reduction in production might have increased prices, leading to shifts back into wheat cultivation in the East