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What is globalization?
Globalization refers to the spread of transplanetary and supraterritorial connections between people, involving reductions in barriers to social contact.
Is globalization synonymous with Westernization?
Westernization understood in this way is often interpreted as colonisation while Globalisation it is by no means clear that globalisation is intrinsically imperialist. In any case, westernisation, modernisation and colonisation have a much longer history than contemporary globalisation.
What is meant by globalization as universalization?
Globalization as universalization describes the process of spreading objects, practices, and experiences worldwide.
What role does global travel play in globalization?
Global travel enables large-scale movement of people such as tourists, refugees, and business professionals across different countries.
What does globalization as liberalization imply?
It involves the removal of officially imposed restrictions on movements of resources between countries, forming a more open global economy.
What is internationalization in the context of globalization?
Internationalization is the growth of transactions and interdependence between countries.
What is Westernization in the context of globalization?
Westernization refers to the spread of Western social structures like capitalism and industrialism through globalization.
Why is it problematic to equate globalization with internationalization?
It limits understanding to national frameworks and ignores other forms of social organization and governance.
What is the relationship between neoliberalism and globalization?
Neoliberalism promotes free markets and global liberalization, while its critics argue that it increases inequality and ecological damage.
What role does global travel play in globalization?
Global travel enables large-scale movement of people such as tourists, refugees, and business professionals across different countries.
What is globality?
Globality refers to social relations that occur in a transplanetary realm, where the entire planet is a distinct field of interaction.
What are examples of supraterritorial phenomena?
Examples include global telecommunications networks, jet travel, and the Internet, which allow connections across the planet.
What does supraterritoriality mean?
Supraterritoriality refers to social connections that transcend territorial geography and are not limited by physical spaces like countries.
How is globalization different from universalization?
Universalization is an ancient phenomenon, while globalization involves more contemporary and complex supraterritorial relationships.
When did the term 'globalization' first surface in English?
The term 'globalization' first appeared in 1959 and entered a dictionary in 1961.
What is meant by the political neutrality of space in globalization?
Space is never neutral; globalization processes are always shaped by social power, hierarchy, and political conflicts.
What is the 'global village' concept?
It refers to the idea that people increasingly perceive the planet as interconnected, affecting everything from food supply to friendships.
How does globalization affect production?
It leads to 'global factories,' where different stages of production occur in various countries across the planet.
What is the critique of globalism?
Globalism may overlook the importance of territorial spaces, assuming a borderless world, which is not the reality.
Does globalization lead to cultural homogenization?
Not necessarily—globalization can foster cultural diversity, revival, and innovation through transplanetary connections.
What is meant by the term 'globalization-as-homogenization'?
Globalization-as-homogenization refers to the idea that globalization leads to cultural, economic, and political uniformity across the world, reducing diversity.
What is the relationship between territoriality and globalization?
Although globalization transcends territories, territorial spaces remain important, and people may be more or less impacted by globalization depending on their location.
How do countries relations work in globalization?
Globalization is a venue for both cooperation and conflict, involving power struggles at various levels of transplanetary and territorial interactions.
Why do some argue against defining globalization as liberalization?
Defining globalization as liberalization is redundant since free markets and trade liberalization have been discussed for centuries without the need for the term 'globalization.'
How does transplanetary connectivity differ from traditional territorial relations?
Transplanetary connectivity involves direct, unmediated links between people or entities across the globe, whereas territorial relations are restricted by physical geography.