Rights & Justice Fundamentals
This UN document, adopted in 1948, articulates universal human rights and became a foundation for later covenants.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
In Galtung’s ABC model, “A” stands for this.
What are attitudes?
A conflict occurring between two or more sovereign states.
What is interstate conflict?
These are the main disputants directly engaged in the conflict.
Who are the primary parties?
This institution is headquartered in The Hague and prosecutes individuals for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
What is the International Criminal Court?
This distinction describes rights that require government restraint versus rights that require positive government action.
What are negative and positive rights?
This framework argues conflicts escalate when at least two parties have incompatible goals under resource scarcity.
What is Mack and Snyder’s framework?
This form of warfare features small groups using hit and run tactics against larger forces.
What is guerrilla warfare?
Peacekeeping troops from member states serving under the UN flag represent this type of actor.
What are intergovernmental violent state actors?
This term describes a state’s ability to govern itself without external interference.
What is sovereignty?
This philosopher argued that inequalities are only just if they benefit the least advantaged.
Who is John Rawls?
This model places individuals, relationships, sub-systems, and structures in nested levels.
What is Dugan’s Nested Model?
A civil war occurring within a single state is also known as this.
What is intrastate conflict?
These actors benefit materially from the continuation of conflict.
Who are conflict profiteers?
The UN body responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
What is the Security Council?
This concept supports intervening in states if they fail to protect their population from mass atrocities.
What is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)?
This debate contrasts economic motivations for conflict with political or social grievances.
What is the Greed vs. Grievance debate?
This type of terrorism seeks to overthrow a state’s leadership.
What is insurrectionary terrorism?
Militias or groups with some state backing but not part of the formal military.
What are paramilitaries?
These actors, like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, influence global politics without formal state power.
What are NGOs?
This rights debate asks whether rights are universal or shaped by cultural context.
What is universalism vs. cultural relativism?
This theory claims conflicts stem from unmet needs like identity, security, and recognition.
What is Human Needs Theory?
Conflict fought through malware, espionage, and infrastructure disruption.
What is cyber conflict/cyber warfare?
These individuals or groups deliberately undermine peace processes through violence or non-cooperation.
Who are spoilers?
This global challenge involves interconnectedness of states through trade, communication, and cultural exchange.
What is globalization?