Glycolysis
In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle take place?
Mitochondrial Matrix
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
Oxygen
In which organs is glycogen mainly stored?
Liver and organs
What is the main storage form of fat in the human body?
Triglycerides
What enzyme catalyzes the Rate limiting step of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
Which molecule is produced from the TCA cycle that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport chain?
NADH
Which molecule is produced the most during oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP
What hormone stimulates glycogen breakdown when blood glucose is low?
Glucagon
What molecule transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation?
Carnitine
What happens to pyruvate when oxygen is not available?
It is converted into lactate.
What molecule enters the citric cycle after glycolysis has occurred?
Acetyl- CoA
Which enzyme directly produces ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP synthase
Which enzyme removes glucose residues from glycogen during glycogenolysis?
Glycogen phosphorylase
What is the main product made when fats are broken down by β-oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA.
What are the two net products, besides pyruvate, generated by glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
Which enzyme catalyzes the committed rate, limiting step of the TCA Cycle?
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Why is oxygen important in oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor
What is the primary product that is released by glycogen phosphorylase during glycogenolysis?
Glucose-1-phosphate
Lipid metabolism broken into CoA refers to the breakdown of fats through a process known as ___. What term fills in the blank?
Beta (β)-oxidation Lipid
Which step in glycolysis is the committed step of the pathway?
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
How many NADH molecules are produced from one turn of the TCA cycle?
3 NADH
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in eukaryotic cells?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Which hormone stimulates glycogen breakdown during exercise?
Epinephrine
Why does the body switch to using fat as an energy source during long periods of fasting or endurance exercise?
The body uses fatty acids because they store a large amount of energy and can be broken down into acetyl-CoA.