Enzymes Rule the World
This enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the glycolysis pathway
What is PFK (phosphofructokinase)?
A citric acid cycle intermediate that also inhibits PFK in the glycolysis pathway
What is citrate?
The final product of the glycolysis cycle
What is pyruvate?
You will get this if you make an epic biochemistry music video
What is extra credit?
The pathway that makes glucose from pyruvate
What is gluconeogenesis?
The lyase that catalyzes the conversion of a 6-carbon molecule to two 3-carbon molecules in glycolysis
What is aldolase?
Allosteric inhibitor that induces the T state of PFK
What is ATP?
This molecule is the start of glycolysis when coming from the glycogen breakdown pathway
Glucose-6-phosphate
The net number of ATP molecules created by glycolysis
What is 2?
Activates glycogen phosphorylase in liver cells
What is glucagon?
Catalyzes the first step of glycogen synthesis and traps glucose in the cell
What is hexokinase?
Though irreversible (and thus a target for cellular regulation), this step is not the rate-limiting step of glycolysis because it occurs too late in the cycle
Step 10 (PEP -> pyruvate via pyruvate kinase)
The two high energy intermediates in the glycolysis pathway
What are 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate
ATP is an ___________ inhibitor of PFK
What is allosteric?
Rapidly dividing cells use the pentose phosphate pathway to produce this electron carrier to support their need to perform reductive biosynthesis of nucleotides
What is NADPH?
The only oxidoreductase in the glycolysis pathway
What is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
Low levels of the allosteric activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate stimulate this pathway
What is gluconeogenesis?
An intermediate in gluconeogenesis but not glycolysis
What is oxaloacetate?
All lyase enzymes in the glycolysis pathway
What are aldolase and enolase?
What is UDP-glucose?
Has a much greater Km value than its muscular counterparts, and is not inhibited by G6P
What is hexokinase IV?
Activates glycogen synthase to increase glycogen synthesis
What is insulin?
The reactant and the product of the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase
What are glucose-6-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate?
The product of the pentose phosphate pathway, useful for nucleotide biosynthesis
What is ribose-5-phosphate?
All gluconeogenesis enzymes that are NOT part of the glycolysis pathway
What are pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphatase?