Unit 1
The "R" in "MRS D CHEG" (the acronym for the characteristics of life)
What is reproduction?
The process by which plants convert water, CO2, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen
What is photosynthesis?
This form of reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
What is asexual reproduction?
What is natural selection?
Any technology used to change the genetic makeup of living things to make products
What is biotechnology?
The main reason that viruses are not technically considered alive
What is the inability to reproduce without a host cell?
The products of this reaction are CO2, water, and energy (ATP)
What is cellular respiration?
This type of cell division results in four haploid daughter cells
What is meiosis?
This type of selection operates to eliminate extreme expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness
What is stabilizing selection?
This greenhouse gas produced by burning fossil fuels is a major contributor to climate change
What is carbon dioxide (CO2)?
Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What are eukaryotic cells?
This base pair is different in RNA versus DNA
What is uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)?
This process involves the random exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes and helps increase genetic variation
What is crossing over during meiosis?
A wildfire kills most of the local deer population, leaving behind only a few mating pairs that survive and reproduce
What is an example of the bottleneck effect?
This organism plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle
What is nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
The macromolecule containing C,H, & O that most living things use as their main energy source
What are carbohydrates?
This is the organelle where translation takes place
What is the ribosome?
The longest phase of the cell cycle that involves cell growth and DNA replication
What is interphase?
Remnants of structures that were functional in ancestral species but serve little to no function in modern animals
What are vestigial organs?
The difference between primary and secondary succession
Primary: slower, no previous ecosystem, soil must be created
Secondary: faster, previous ecosystem destroyed, no need to create soil
Proteins that speed up metabolism or chemical reactions in our bodies
What are enzymes/catalysts?
This condition is caused by a non-disjunction mutation which results in an additional chromosome
What is down syndrome?
In corn, smooth kernels (K) are dominant to wrinkled kernels (k). A farmer crosses two corn plants that are heterozygous for kernel texture. These are the odds that the offspring will have smooth kernels.
What is 3/4 or 75%?
This theory states that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes and explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast
What is endosymbiotic theory?
In this process an excess of nitrogen results in damage to aquatic ecosystems
What is eutrophication?