What are the two bundles of the PCL?
PCL=Anterolateral and Posteromedial
ACL= Anteromedial and Posterolateral
In addition to the supraspinatus and subscapularis, name the 3 components of the rotator interval
Coracohumeral ligament (CHL), superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL), long head of biceps
Of the 162 olympic medals stripped/revoked, 150 were due to doping. What country has the most stripped/revoked medals?
#1 Russia 49 (32% of all stripped)
53 if you count all associated russian teams (Soviet Union, the Unified Team of 1992, Olympic Athletes from Russia of 2018, Russian Olympic Committee team of 2022)
Name the strongest and most significant restraint to valgus forces in the elbow
Anterior oblique band of medial ulnar collateral ligament
Isometric throughout arc of motion
What is the single best predictor of successful non-operative management of an OCD lesion?
Open physes
The sequela of untreated, chronic PCL tear is what 2 patterns of arthritis?
Patellofemoral and medial
Name this lesion AND the anatomic injury that causes it
Humeral Avulsion of Glenohumeral Ligament (HAGL) due to Inferior GlenoHumeral Ligament avulsion
Hyperabduction + ER injury
Normal= u-shaped
HAGL= j-shaped
(Normal)
(posterior HAGL)
(anterior HAGL)
USA has won the most all-time Olympic gold medals (Summer+Winter). What country has won the most silver medals?
US of Awe crush the summer olympics, but we're actually second to Norway when looking only at Winter olympics
Name two methods of medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and identify which is associated with better functional outcomes.
Humeral docking > Figure-of-8/Modified Jobe
Hamstring tears occur at what portion of the muscle?
Musculotendinous junction
What are the three anatomic characteristics of "miserable malalingment syndrom"
1. femoral anteversion
2. genu valgum
3. external tibial torsion / pronated feet
All contribute to increased q angle
Given this MRI, what findings might you expect on physical exam?
Spinoglenoid --> Isolated infraspinatus weakness --> weakness with external rotation
Inferior to spine, more lateral
Suprascapular -->both supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Superior to spine, medial to coracoid
Both cause isolated motor symptoms without sensory deficit
What was the first U.S. city and state to host the Olympics?
St. Louis, Missouri
Identify the three injury components that differentiate Varus Posteromedial Rotatory Instability (VPMRI) from Valgus Posterolateral Rotatory Instabiliy (VPLRI)
Name 4 contraindications to meniscal transplant
-Inflammatory arthritis
-Obesity
-Grade 3 Outerbridge or above arthritis
-Uncorrectable bony malignment
-Age >50
When correcting bony deformity in conjunction with ligament repair/reconstruction, what osteotomy procedure can correct both varus and posterior slope.
Lateral closing HTO
Medial opening can only correct varus
This lesion is pathogmnemonic for what shoulder pathology?
Posterosuperior labral tear secondary to internal impingement.
Bennett lesion
How many grams of gold are in Olympic gold metals?
6 grams
I feel like +/- 1 gram should be acceptable answer? idk you all decide
When debriding an elbow for symptomatic management of arthritis, what is an indication for addition of ulnar nerve decompression & transposition?
Restricted ROM (extensor lag of > 60° , elbow flexion < 100° ); at risk for traction neuropraxia once they regain motion.
When repairing an Achilles rupture, VY advancement can treat defects up to how many cm in length?
3cm.
>3cm needs FHL transfer
How many degrees of posterior tibial slope are an independent risk factor for ACL reconstruction failure?
12° or greater = 7 fold increased risk
10° = 5.7 increased
What arm position places the axillary artery at greatest risk for iatrogenic injury during a Laterjet procedure?
External Rotation (Prior OITE)
The axillary artery travels an average of 1-1.8 cm from the inferior glenoid margin
What sport will make its debut in the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic games?
Flag football
Initially started as a recreational sports for American soldiers during WW2
Inability to extend thumb IP joint after elbow arthroscopy is most likely due to placement of which portal?
Distal Anterolateral
Lack of thumb IP = PIN
Distal Anterolateral (1 cm anterior and 1-2 cm distal to lateral epicondyle) risks PIN & LABCN
Proximal Anterolateral (1 cm anterior and 1-2 cm proximal to lateral epicondyle) risks radial n.
More proximal anterolateral portal is now commonly used to decrease risk of PIN
What is the most common location of OCD lesions in the talus?
Medial talar dome (more common)
usually no history of trauma
more posterior
larger and deeper than lateral lesions
lateral talar dome
usually have a traumatic history
more superficial and smaller
more central or anterior
lower incidence of spontaneous healing
more often displaced and symptomatic