Headed West
This federal legislation, passed in 1862, encouraged individuals to move to the west by offering up to 160 acres of land for a nominal application fee and with the assurance that the individual taking possession of the land would remain there for a fixed duration of time and farm or generally improve the land.
What is the Homestead Act.
The Pacific Railway Act- championed through Congress by Lincoln- encouraged the creation of this....through land grants and the sale of government bonds to help fund the massive project.
What is the Trans-Continental Railroad.
The landing spot for millions of European Immigrants into the United States during the mid and late 19th century?
What is Ellis Island.
Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the steel business after learning of this process, pioneered in Europe, that made the production of steel much more profitable.
What is the Bessemer Process.
The idea that societal groups (churches, civic groups) should assist those in poverty in the United States during the 19th century was known as the ?
What is the Social Gospel.
This architectural marvel was erected in St. Louis to commemorate both Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the subsequent settlement of the west.
What is the Gateway Arch.
The Central Pacific RR Company used _________ immigrant labor and constructed towards the East from Sacramento, California. The Union Pacific RR Company used _____________ immigrant labor and constructed towards the west from Omaha, Nebraska. The two companies finally met up in 1868 at ___________________ where the "golden spike" was driven into the tracks--connecting the Eastern U.S. to the Western U.S. Thousands died during the construction of the 1,900 miles of track from disease, accidents and homicide.
What is Chinese, Irish, and Promontory Point, Utah.
This Union was founded in the late 19th century by Samuel Gompers and recruited only skilled workers/craftsmen.
What is the AFL.
The first Billion dollar company in United States' history, U.S. Steel, was brokered by this man....who convinced Carnegie to combine his steel business with smaller ones around the country.
Who is JP Morgan.
The idea that philanthropic activity was the best way to assist with poverty in the United States during the 19th century was known as?
What is the Gospel of Wealth.
This event, instrumental in serving as a catalyst to western expansion, began in January of 1848 with James Marshall's discovery while working to build a water powered saw mill for John Sutter in the American River at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Coloma, CA.
What is the Gold Rush of 1849.
This legislative piece provided federal land and money to states to use in building, staffing and operating colleges focused on promoting agriculture and/or military training. (Texas A&M, Mississippi A&M, and North Carolina A&T are a few of the institutions constructed utilizing funds provided by this Act).
What is the Morrill Land-Grant Act.
This labor union was active in the late 19th century, was led by Terrance Powderly and sought to recruit all workers, including African-Americans.
What is the Knight of Labor.
Carnegie was known as a philanthropist...he gave most of his money and influence towards these two societal entities.
What are schools and libraries.
This woman helped immigrants cross the threshold of assimilation in Chicago during the late 19th century.
Who was Jane Adams.
The Exodusters were enticed to move to Kansas and other Mid-West settlements during the latter 19th century by this man who espoused the benefits of having one's "own land".
Who is Benjamin "Pap" Singleton.
Advents and advances in farming technology during the 1830s made farming easier and more profitable and, thus, attracted more people to the West to try their hand at the practice. Included in the advancements were the steel plow introduced by ______________ and the mechanical reaper created by __________________.
Who were John Deere and Cyrus McCormick.
This man exposed the horrors confronting the immigrant laborers of the northern United States in his expose "How the Other Half Lives"?
Who is Jacob Riis.
John D. Rockefeller made his fortune in the Petroleum refining business by employing this type of organizational/business acumen/structure.
What is Horizontal Consolidation/Integration.
As a result of monopolistic practices like the ones employed by Rockefeller and others during the late 19th century, the United States Legislature responded with this piece aimed at curtailing such practices.
What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
In the mid 19th century, this man led the Mormons (known also as worshippers within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) to the west (ultimately founding their home of Salt Lake City in the UT territory) to escape the persecution they faced for their belief in polygamy. *The church was originally established by Joseph Smith in 1820*
Who is Brigham Young.
Ranching became a profitable business in Texas for two reasons:
A) there was a rise in demand for beef in the East as the cities there grew due to increased employment opportunities in the ___________.
B) A new breed of cattle was imported from Spain that could flourish in the hot and humid Texas heat and survive the often 4 month journey from ranch to market--this was the _______________.
*Once the cattle were ready to take to market, ranchers would hire cowboys to conduct cattle drives in order to get the cattle to the railroads in Missouri and Kansas so they could be shipped to the east and sold for beef, hides, etc. The most well known of these cattle drive routes was known as the _________________ and ran from San Antonio, TX to Abilene, KS.
What is factories, Longhorn, Chisholm Trail.
These two Italian immigrants were the epitome of the manifestation of xenophobia and nationalism that permeated the United States in the early 20th century.
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti.
This individual made his fortune in the railroad industry....today, a major university in Nashville, TN is named in his honor.
Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt.
The United States' government's domestic policy towards Native Americans changed when the 1830s Indian Removal Act was replaced by this Act in the late 19th century which sought to assimilate Native Americans AND took EVEN MORE of their lands.
What is the Dawes Act.