Not directly relevant
Identify the type of this claim: A survey finds that clients with social anxiety spend an average of 4 hours per day avoiding social situations.
Frequency
The term is synonymous with consistency
Reliability
The extent to which a measure is subjectively considered a plausible operationalization of the conceptual variable in question.
Face Validity
The upward, downward, or neutral slope in a scatterplot denotes the ___ of the association.
Direction
This term describes a measure that gives inconsistent results, making it impossible to tell if it’s valid.
What is low reliability
Generalizability and representativeness of the sample are important to this validity.
External
The consistency in results every time a measure is used.
Test-Retest Reliability
The extent to which a measure captures all parts of a defined construct.
Content Validity
It denotes how closely the data points in a scatterplot cluster along a line of best fit drawn through them.
Strength (of slope)
Two therapists independently diagnose the same patient with PTSD after separate interviews. Their diagnoses show strong what?
Inter-rater reliability
Association claims can not control or manipulate variables and therefore it is not important to worry about this validity.
Internal
The degree to which two or more coders or observers give consistent ratings of a set of targets.
Interrater Reliability
The extent to which a measure is associated with a behavioral outcome with which it should be associated.
Criterion Validity
A single number, ranging from -1.0 to 1.0, that indicates the strength and direction of an association between two variables.
Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r)
A depression inventory gives the same score every time a client takes it, even though their mood is changing.
What is high reliability but low validity?
This validity is threatened when a researcher recruits participants who are easy to reach.
External
In a measure that contains several items, the consistency in a pattern of answers, no matter how a question is phrased.
Internal Reliability
The extent to which a self-report measure correlates with other measures of a theoretically similar construct.
Convergent Validity
A correlation-based statistic that measures a scale’s internal reliability.
Cronbach's Alpha (Coefficient Alpha)
If a personality test is supposed to measure impulsivity but instead captures anxiety, it’s lacking this type of validity.
Construct validity
Group A with participants aged (18-24) and Group B with participants (42-65) and the experiment is looking at how sleep affects decision making. Group A sleeps 7 hours and then preforms a task. Group B sleeps 2 hours and then preforms the same task. Group A preforms better than Group B. The experiment concludes that the less sleep an individual has the more poorly their decision making is affected. Discuss implications for Internal Validity.
This experiment has low or weak Internal Validity because age is a confound.
A ruler has high ______ reliability because it is consistent in its measurements of length.
Test-retest
The extent to which a self-report measure does not correlate strongly with measures of theoretically dissimilar constructs.
Discriminant (Divergent) Validity
A measure of internal reliability for a set of items, obtained by taking the mean of all possible correlations computed between each item and the others.
Average Inter-Item Correlation
A new “happiness” questionnaire has items that don’t seem related to each other and show little correlation with other measures of well-being. It lacks both of these measurement properties.