Bonds and Polarity
To fill their electron shell and become stable
Why do atoms from Covalent bonds?
H+,
Hydrogen with no electron
What is a hydrogen ion?
Groups of atoms that help predict how a molecule behaves
What are functional groups?
20;
only R group is different
(2 answers)
How many amino acids are there?
What are the differences btw them?
hormone that regulates blood sugar
What type of protein is inulin?
Equal sharing of electrons between atoms
What are non-polar covalent bonds?
acids do to hydrogen ion concentration
What is increasing it by donating H+?
How to determine how a functional group impacts functions
Is it Polar/Non-Polar?
Is it acid/negative?
Is it base/positive?
Amino group;
Carboxyl group;
Hydrogen;
and R-Group
What groups are found in amino acids?
2 chains;
held together by disulfide bridges
(2 answers)
How many chains does insulin have?
What holds them together?
Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
What are polar covalent bonds?
what bases do to hydrogen ion concentration
What is decreasing by accepting the H+?
OH;
polar;
not and acid or base
What is Hydroxyl?
Covalent (peptide) bonds formed by dehydration synthesis
What holds primary structure together?
1. Preproinsulin
2. Proinsulin
3. Insulin
What is the sequence of insulin formation?
How strongly an atom attracts shared electrons
What is electronegativity?
Measures acidity/basicity;
and pH of 7
What is the pH scale and what is a neutral pH?
Carbonyl+Hydroxyl;
polar;
weak acid;
donates H+
What is Carboxyl?
Hydrogen bonds;
forms alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
(2 answers)
What holds secondary structure together and what forms from it?
Since interacting with histidine to form a hexamer of 6 insulins
What allows insulin to be stored in an inactive form?
Partial negative regions attracting partial positive regions
Why do partially charged regions of molecules interact with each other?
Weak acids switching between acid and negative forms; weak bases switch between base and positive form
How do weak acids and weak bases behave in a solution?
Phosphorus bonded to oxygens;
polar;
weak acid;
negative charge
What is phosphate?
Disulfide bridges between cystine R-groups
What is the strongest and most stable bond in tertiary structure?
Hydrogen bonding guides water;
asparagine flips water orientation;
R-group create a size selective filter
How does aquaporin allow water to pass while blocking other molecules?