Urban Political Machines
Complex, hierarchical party organizations, that kept power through the strength of their political organization and their relationship with votes.
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Political Machines
Who was the group that public reform organizations advised cities to elect small councils and hire pro-city managers who could direct operations like corporate executives?
National Municipal League
This man published "The Shame of Cities" which was a book that exposed corrupt politicians.
Lincoln Steffens
When was the Tammany organization founded?
1786
This term was used for cities that relied on private developers for roads, water, gas, and electricity.
Private City
In what decade were there a series of depressions?
1890's
This man arranged housing for Italians and Jews after their houses burned down. He was also an American politician who served the N.Y. legislature.
George Washington Plunkit
This was the main political machine of the Democratic party in New York City.
Tammany Society
What did political machines give to the people of the cities?
Jobs & Patronage
This year there were demands for stronger government measures that led to citywide protests
(Answer is a year)
1899
This man advocated for municipal ownership of utilities and a tax system "where monopoly and burden" bore the main burdens.
Tom Johnson
This man founded the Tammany Society in 1789.
William Mooney
What goods and services did Political Machines bring to cities?
Operate street cars, bring clean water, and remove trash
This city had 83 labor strikes from 1893-1898
Cleveland, OH
This man brought down corruption in Tammany Hall in 1871.
William Marcy Tweed
The Tammany Society helped to organize _____ communities around the machine.
Immigrant
This waterworks company pumped 500 million gallons of water per day
Chicago waterworks
Many strikes were held across the country because of ____
Corrupt businesses
This person worked to improve public transportation and open public vegetable gardens to feed thousands of workers.
Hazen Pingree
What year was the Tammany organization dissolved?
1967