Jamestown & Early Colonies
What year was Jamestown, the first lasting English settlement in Virginia, established?
1607
What religious group wanted to completely separate from the Church of England and became known as Pilgrims?
Separatists (Pilgrims)
By the mid-1700s, what part of colonial government had become dominant in political life?
Colonial legislatures (representative assemblies)
Who was chosen as president of the First Continental Congress in 1774?
John Hancock
Who is known as the “Father of the Constitution” for drafting its basic framework?
James Madison
What group helped the Jamestown settlers survive their early struggles?
Local Native Americans
What agreement, signed in 1620 aboard a ship, became the first colonial plan for self-government?
The Mayflower Compact
How long had most colonial legislatures been operating by the time of the American Revolution
Over 100 years
Who was appointed as commander of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress?
George Washington
What plan, proposed by large states, called for representation in Congress to be based on population?
The Virginia Plan
What did Virginia become after the English court revoked the Virginia Company’s charter?
A royal colony
In what colony did the Pilgrims settle after leaving England in 1620?
Plymouth, Massachusetts
What war began over land disputes in present-day Pennsylvania and Ohio, with Native Americans siding with the French?
The French and Indian War
What Enlightenment philosopher’s social contract ideas influenced Thomas Jefferson in drafting the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
What compromise created a two-house legislature, balancing the needs of large and small states?
The Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)
By 1622, how many settlers had immigrated to Virginia before Native Americans attacked Jamestown?
More than 4,500 settlers
Which two colonies formed as a result of disagreements with Puritan rule in Massachusetts?
Rhode Island and Connecticut
What king came to power in 1760 and later imposed higher taxes on the colonies?
King George III
What were the four parts of the Declaration of Independence?
Preamble, Statement of Purpose, Complaints/Grievances, Conclusion
What compromise counted enslaved persons as partially represented for taxation and representation purposes?
The Three-Fifths Compromise
What economic purpose did English leaders see the colonies serving for England?
To provide raw materials and markets for English goods
Whose political philosophy and Enlightenment ideas influenced the colonists’ beliefs in representative government and law?
Enlightenment philosophers (such as John Locke)
What 1765 law imposed the first direct tax on the colonists, taxing items such as paper, sugar, glass, and tea?
The Stamp Act
Under the Articles of Confederation, what problem made Congress seem weak in the eyes of foreign countries?
It had no standing army or power to regulate trade
What group opposed the Constitution, fearing it gave too much power to the national government and weakened the states?
The Anti-Federalists