Court Cases
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Separate schools are not equal.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People disagreed with this ruling, challenging the constitutionality of segregation in the Topeka, Kansas, school system. In 1954, the Court reversed its Plessy decision, declaring that "separate schools are inherently unequal."
What is the difference between state and federal power?
The federal government has limited power over all fifty states. State governments have the power to regulate within their state boundaries.
An individual who opposed the ratification of the new Constitution in 1787.
Anti-Federalist
First Amendment
Rights to Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition
What are the two main Political Parties?
Republican and Democratic
Engel v. Vitale (1962
School initiated-prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.
In the New York school system, each day began with a nondenominational prayer acknowledging dependence upon God. This action was challenged in Court as an unconstitutional state establishment of religion in violation of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court agreed, stating that the government could not sponsor such religious activities.
This type of national system allows more power for the states over the powers of the national government.
A federal system
What three things did the Anti-Federalists fear?
Higher taxes, standing army, a tyrannical executive, and a supreme court that could interfere with state's rights.
Second Amendment
Right to Bear Arms
What is a political party?
A group of people with broad, shared interests
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge.
Gideon was accused of committing a felony. Being indigent, he petitioned the judge to provide him with an attorney free of charge. The judge denied his request. The Supreme Court ruled for Gideon, saying that the Sixth Amendment requires indigent criminal defendants to be provided an attorney free of charge.
The federal systems of Germany and the US have the exact same characteristics. True or False
False. The statement is false since the German federal system is not identical to the United States federal system. For example, the head of government and the head of state are two different individuals in Germany.
What did the Anti-Federalist complain about?
The missing of "bill of rights."
Third Amendment
Quartering of Soldiers
Republican Party; What do they advocate for?
Today, Republicans advocate reduced taxes as a means of stimulating the economy and advancing individual economic freedom, and they generally support conservative social policies. Republicans also tend to oppose extensive government regulation of the economy, government-funded social programs, and affirmative action.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established the doctrine of judicial review.
In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress gave the Supreme Court the authority to issue certain judicial writs. The Constitution did not give the Court this power. Because the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land, the Court held that any contradictory congressional Act is without force. The ability of federal courts to declare legislative and executive actions unconstitutional is known as judicial review.
Which Constitutional example of picket-fence federalism states that the legal decisions of one state must be honored by the others?
Full Faith and Credit clause
What were the Anti-Federalists concerned with regarding the national government?
With the increased power the new national government will have.
Fourth Amendment
Search and Seizure
Democratic Party; What do they advocate for?
From workers' rights to protecting the environment, equal pay to fighting the special interests, Democrats believe we can and should make life better for families across our nation. fairness, justice, and equality for all by standing up for all middle-class Americans and those struggling to get there.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial.
While searching Dollree Mapp's house, police officers discovered obscene materials and arrested her. Because the police officers never produced a search warrant, she argued that the materials should be suppressed as the fruits of an illegal search and seizure. The Supreme Court agreed and applied to the states the exclusionary rule from Weeks v. United States(1914).
What term best describes the powers of the national government in American federalism relative to the power of the States?
The doctrine of national supremacy
The Anti-Federalist Papers - what kind of wording did it have - it opposed two things.
They were arguments either opposing the constitutions ratification or insisting an adding additional amendments to protect civil liberties.
Fifth Amendment
Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process
Which political party was created in 1854 to oppose Andrew Jackson?
Whig