Introduction
England and Saudi Arabia are examples of limited and unlimited forms of this type of government.
monarchy
In this form of government, the national government has authority over state governments.
Unitary system
This document, an important influence on the American colonies, guaranteed rights to life, liberty, and property.
The English Bill of Rights
Amendment guaranteeing that citizens will not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without “due process of law”.
Fourteenth Amendment
This form of symbolic speech – used to intimidate racial minorities – is not protected by the courts.
cross-burning
This value American political culture refers to a commitment to personal initiative and self-sufficiency.
individualism
Powers specifically granted to the national government.
enumerated powers
This was the basic issue that led to increasing tension between England and the American colonies between 1765 and 1775.
taxation without representation
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) protects freedom of speech unless this is imminent.
lawless action
Early school departure (Amish) and business non-payment for contraception coverage are both allowed under this clause of the Bill of Rights.
free exercise of religion
This value in American political culture has been a great source of struggle – including both slavery and Indian removal.
equality
States that in case of conflict, the national government takes precedence over state government.
supremacy clause
British attempt to place taxes on paper products in the American colonies.
Stamp Act
The government allows groups to do this unless doing so would cause “unavoidable harm.”
assemble
Engle v. Vitale (1962) prevented this from occurring in public schools.
required public prayers
These are the two major functions of government.
To provide order; to promote the general welfare
Form of federalism in which the functions of state and national government are kept separate.
dual federalism
Type of government created by the Articles of Confederation, which does not have a monarch and in which the people rule through representatives.
republic
The Lemon test provides guidelines to avoid this.
government establishment of religion
Journals can be sued for this if they publish harmful lies about an individual.
libel/slander
In this system of government, the government controls all aspects of citizens' lives and allows no criticism or opposition.
This occurred in the 1830s when South Carolina refused to obey a national law.
Nullification Crisis
A weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that changing them required this.
unanimous consent of all the states
The process by which many sections of the Bill of Rights have been applied to states.
selective incorporation
Although this right is not listed in the Bill of Rights, its existence was upheld by Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
right to privacy