Solids, Liquids, & Gases
This state of matter is structurally characterized by a definite volume but no definite shape of its own.
What is a liquid?
This term describes the total amount of both potential and kinetic energy found within the particles of a substance.
What is thermal energy?
This physical property of a gas is calculated by dividing the outward force exerted by the gas by the surface area of its container's walls.
What is pressure?
A liquid will finally begin to boil when its internal vapor pressure becomes exactly equal to this surrounding environmental force.
What is atmospheric pressure?
This term describes the measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles inside an object.
What is temperature?
Particles in this specific state of matter are packed very closely together, cannot move past one another, and instead vibrate in place.
What is a solid?
This phase change is the exact reverse of vaporization, occurring when gas particles lose enough thermal energy to become a liquid.
What is condensation?
This law states that when the temperature of a gas at constant pressure decreases, its volume will also decrease.
What is Charles’s Law?
Daily Double!!! Because the air is less dense above sea level, the boiling point of water in high-altitude locations changes in this specific way.
What is it decreases (boils at a lower temperature, like 95°C)?
When you heat a substance, this is the physical direction and mechanism of the energy interaction taking place.
What is a transfer of thermal energy from the heat source to the substance?
This inward force or pull brings surface molecules of a liquid closely together, allowing light objects to float on top.
What is surface tension?
This specific type of vaporization happens only at the surface of a liquid and will continue until no liquid particles remain.
What is evaporation?
This metric unit, abbreviated as Pa, is the standard scientific unit used to measure the pressure of a gas.
What is a pascal?
A basketball stays firm because the gas particles inside are tightly packed, causing them to collide frequently and create a pressure that matches this condition relative to the outside air.
What is greater than the outside atmospheric pressure?
At the atomic level, this is what happens to gas particles when their temperature is raised inside a rigid, unyielding container.
What is they speed up and collide with the container walls more frequently (increasing pressure)?
Examples like honey have a high rating of this property, which measures a liquid's resistance to flowing.
What is viscosity?
Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) exhibits this unusual process when it transitions directly from a solid to a gas without turning into a liquid first.
What is sublimation?
This gas law establishes that when the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas will decrease.
What is Boyle’s Law?
If you have 5,000 pascals of pressure, this is what that value equals when converted into kilopascals (kPa).
What is 5 kPa?
During the melting process, a solid must undergo this specific change in its thermal energy profile to break its rigid structure.
What is an increase in thermal energy?
Unlike amorphous solids, this type of solid has particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern and melts at a very distinct temperature.
What is a crystalline solid?
This phase change occurs during the winter when water vapor in the air skips the liquid phase entirely to form frost on a cold car windshield.
What is deposition?
When graphing the relationship described by Charles’s Law (temperature vs. volume), the resulting line possesses this specific geometric characteristic.
What is a straight line that passes through the origin (directly proportional)?
Unlike the straight linear graph of Charles's Law, a graph displaying the pressure and volume relationship of Boyle's Law takes on this visual shape.
What is a curve?
From a particle contact perspective, this is the primary difference that separates a gas from a liquid or a solid.
What is that gas particles do not remain in contact with each other for long?