States of Matter/KMT
What is the definition of matter?
Matter is anything that has both a mass AND volume
In the winter, it is so cold outside that you can go skating on the lake
In an atom, where do you find an electron?
Surrounding the nucleus
1) Calculate the number of electrons for Lithium
2) Draw the Bohr diagram of Sulfur
1) 3
when baking soda and vinegar are mixed, the mixture creates bubbles and a gas. does this describe a chemical or physical change?
Chemical Change
A material has been heated and has increased in volume, what term would we use to describe this?
Thermal Expansion
The ice cream you are eating drips down your arm
Melting (solid to liquid)
Which two subatomic particles contribute to most of the mass of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
Calculate the mass of a liquid with a density of 2.5g/mL and a volume of 15 mL.
Show all work and include proper units
m = d x v
= 2.5g/mL x 15 mL
= 37.6 g
Kool Aid is described as being red and having a density of 1.0 g/mL. Do these two characteristics describe a chemical or physical properties of Kool Aid?
Physical Properties
What are THREE pieces of evidence that a chemical change has occurred
Three of the following:
-Gas is produced (bubbles/smoke)
- Light given off
- Precipitate (solid) may form
- Colour change
- Change in temperature
The bathroom mirror gets fogged up after a shower. What state of change is this?
Condensation (gas to liquid)
How many neutrons does an atom of Sodium have?
12 neutrons
Calculate the number of protons, electrons and neutrons for Nickel
Protons = atomic # = 28
Electrons = # of protons = 28
Neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #
= 58.7 - 28
= 30.7 = 31
Which Scientist discovered the existence of the nucleus in the atom?
Rutherford
For a solid, describe the following:
- particle spacing
- amount of energy
- particle movement
particle spacing: very close together
amount of energy: very low
particle movement: can only vibrate
Clothes are left out to dry
Vapourization/Evaporation (liquid to gas)
Which particle is BOTH an elementary particle and a subatomic particle?
Electron
Calculate the VOLUME of an object that has a density of 5.45 g/cm3 and a mass of 65g
Round to ONE decimal place
Show all work including units
V = m/D
= 65g/5.45 g/cm3
= 11.9 cm3
Which scientist described the location of electrons being in shells around a central nucleus? What did this scientist call the outer shell of electrons?
Bohr, Valence Electrons
What are the FOUR components of the kinetic molecular theory?
1) All matter is made up of small particles
2) There is empty space between the particles
3) Particles are constantly moving
4) Energy makes particles move faster and further apart
Frost forms on the window on a cold day
deposition (gas to solid)
b) What are the different types of elementary particles?
a) the smallest and most basic parts of matter that we know of
b) Quarks and Leptons
1) Calculate the number of electrons for sulfer
2) Draw the Bohr diagram of Sulfur
1) 16 electrons
Who described the model of the atom as the plum pudding or cookie model? Explain this model.
Thomson, negative particles are embedded in a positively charged cookie/pudding.