Diversity of Living Things
Genetic Continuity
Animal Structure & Function
Plant Structure & Function
Evolution
100
What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic?
Autotrophic: an organism makes its own food and produces its own energy.
Heterotrophic: an organism relies on external sources for food and energy.
100
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
When genetic information is exchanged between homologous pair during prophase 1 of meiosis.
100
What are amino acids?
Amino acids are the molecules that make up proteins. (Amino acids are the monomers, proteins are the polymers)
100
What is the difference between biofuels and fossil fuels?
Biofuels are energy sources produced from renewable, organic materials, while fossil fuels are produced from non-renewable oil reserves.
100
What is a theory in scientific terms?
An explanation based on repeatedly confirmed facts through observations and experiments.
200
How and why do we classify species?
We use taxonomy to identify organisms and represent the relationships among them.
200
What are the stages of interphase?
1. First growth (G1)
2. Synthesis (S)
3. Second growth phase (G2)
200
How does fibre help your digestive system?
Fibre supplies bulk to help your muscles move food and waste through your digestive system.
200
What are patchy habitats and how do they contribute to biodiversity?
Patchy habitats are micro environments that support different species. They are important to maintain biodiversity because different plants and animals adapt to different patch types.
200
How do gradualism and punctuated equilibrium differ from each other?
Gradualism: evolution occurs at a slow and steady pace, while large changes result in smaller ones overtime.
Punctuated equilibrium: there are long periods of no change that are interrupted by periods of divergence. Most species undergo morphological changes when they first diverge from their parent species.
300
How does mycorrhizae impact plants?
Mycorrhizae's mutualistic relationship with plants allows it to provide plants with fundamental nutrients.
300
How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?
Plant cells form a cell plate and then a cell wall, while the membrane of animal cells form cleavage and then separate.
300
What role do the salivary glands in your mouth play in digestion?
Salivary glands secrete saliva that contains digestive enzymes to help start chemically breaking down food.
300
Explain how the opening of the stomata in plants affects gas movement.
The stomata opens and closes to let gasses in and out of leaves. When it's open, it allows carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis.
300
Who came up with "actualism"? What is it? Give an example.
James Hutton came up with the term "actualism", which is the theory that the same geological processes occurring in the present also occurred in the past. An example of this is that since erosion shapes the landmasses in the present, they must have done the same in the past.
400
How do you know that something is living? (The 8 characteristics of all living things)
1. Growth and development
2. Responds to stimuli
3. Metabolism
4. Evolution
5. Reproduction
6. Homeostasis
7. Heredity
8. Cellular organization
400
Which stage is this cell in? How do you know?
Metaphase II, because the paired chromatids are lined up along the equatorial plate.
400
What are the 3 components of a diffusion-efficient respiratory surface? Explain.
1. Large surface area: many alveoli in the lungs have a shape that increases surface area.
2. Thin walls: alveoli walls are only one cell thick in order for gases to have a short diffusion distance.
3. Moist walls: gasses dissolves in the moisture of the walls to help pass across the gas exchange surface.
400
Explain how rings appear inside of tree trunks.
Tree rings are the result of the yearly activity of the vascular cambium. It produces xylem cells that carry water in cool temperatures.
400
The necks of giraffes evolved to become longer overtime. What is this an example of, and why does this happen?
This is an example of Lamarck's belief in "acquired traits". The necks of giraffes evolved to become longer so that they can reach the leaves on trees. Acquired traits are changes in an individual that come from interacting with the environment around them.
500
What are the 6 kingdoms?
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Protista
4. Plantae
5. Animalia
6. Fungi
500
How is mitosis a form of asexual reproduction?
The nucleus of a cell splits into two, dividing genetic information equally.
500
List the 7 structures of the respiratory system.
1. Nose/mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli
500
List the 3 types of plant cells and their main purposes.
1. Parenchyma: food storage, photosynthesis, cellular respiration.
2. Collenchyma: support during growth
3. Sclerenchyma: support the plant, grow and die within a mature plant part
500
Why can only species evolve and not individuals?
Evolution is the process of change within a species. Once an individual is born, its genes cannot be evolved or changed any further.