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Macromolecules
Saccharides
Proteins
Fats
DNA...
100

What is a macromolecule?

A macromolecule is a large biological molecule made of smaller repeating subunits (monomers). They are essential for life.

100

What is a monosaccharide?

A simple sugar and the building block of carbohydrates.

100
How many kinds of amino acids are there?

20

100

Do lipids create more or less energy than carbohydrates?

Lipids contain more energy.

100

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

200

Name the four major biological macromolecules.

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
200

Give three examples of monosaccharides.

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.

200

Name three different amino acids.

Glycine, alanine, valine, cysteine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid

200

Name 2 different types of lipids.

Oils and Fats

Phospholipids

Steroids

Waxes

200

what is the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA contains hereditary information that will be passed on to the next generation

RNA is a single stranded copy of DNA used to make proteins

300

Match each Monomer to its macromolecule.

Monosaccharides -->

Amino Acids -->

Nucleotides -->

Glycerol + Fatty Acids -->

  • Carbohydrates → Monosaccharides
  • Proteins → Amino acids
  • Nucleic Acids → Nucleotides
  • Lipids → Glycerol + Fatty acids
300

Give three examples of disaccharides.

Maltose,  Sucrose, Lactose

300

How many levels of structure do proteins have? Name them.

4

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

300

Name a difference between the head and tail of a phospholipid

Hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail

300

What are the 4 DNA bases?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

400

Compare saturated and unsaturated fats.

  • Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature.
  • Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature.
400

What is the difference between mono-, di-, and polysaccharides?

  • Monosaccharide: 1 sugar unit
  • Disaccharide: 2 sugar units
  • Polysaccharide: Many sugar units
400

What do enzymes do?

Speed up the reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started (activation energy).

400

What happens when a fat has a double bond? What fat is it? What state is it in?

It has a kink in the molecule; it is an unsaturated fat, it is often a liquid

400

Which DNA bases pair with one another? What is the difference for RNA?

For DNA:

A – T, C – G


For RNA: T is replaced with U.

A – U, C – G

500

Describe an amino acid structure.

It has a central carbon bonded to:

  • Amino group (NH₂)
  • Carboxyl group (COOH)
  • Hydrogen
  • R-group (variable side chain)