Phagocytes
Name the two types of phagocyte
Macrophage and Neutrophil
What type of lymphocyte binds to an APC to become activated?
T lymphocyte
Antibodies are ______ shaped
Y-shaped
Which animal do we use to make monoclonal antibodies?
Mice
Which country is the largest producer of coffee in the world?
a) Colombia
b) Vietnam
c) Ethiopia
d) Brazil
Brazil
________ = refers to any substance or cell that is recognised by the immune system as being foreign and will stimulate an immune response.
non-self antigen
_______ refers to the response brought about by a newly encountered antigen. This response is very slow.
Primary immune response
Antibodies can act as ________ by binding to and neutralising toxins.
anti-toxins
We can create hybrid cells to produce monoclonal antibodies by combining what two types of cells?
Plasma cells and tumour cells
What is the only mammal capable of true flight?
Bat
What is the name of the vesicle in which the pathogen is initially contained?
Phagosome
Which type of cells produces antibodies?
Plasma cell
Antibodies can attach to bacteria, making them readily identifiable to phagocytes; this is called _________.
Opsonisation
Why do we use tumour cells in the hybridoma method?
They divide indefinitely
If someone "spills the tea," what are they doing in modern slang?
a) Making a mess
b) Sharing gossip
c) Drinking tea
d) Avoiding work
b)
After a macrophage engulfs a pathogen it displays its ________ on its surface and becomes an _____
Antigens/APC
After a B Lymphocyte become activated it can differentiate into 2 types of cells. What are they and what is their function?
Plasma cells (make antibodies)
Memory cells (Record the antibodies needed for a second infection)
Antibodies are held together by ________
Disulphide bridges
A vaccine is a type of _______ ________ immunity
What is the only fruit that has its seeds on the outside?
Strawberry
Name 2 differences between macrophages and neutrophils
●Neutrophils are smaller than macrophages.
●Neutrophils are short-lived and die after killing the pathogen.
●Macrophages display the antigens of the pathogens on their surface (become an APC).
●Macrophages are produced in the bone marrow and travel in the blood as monocytes which develop into macrophages once they leave the blood.
After T lymphocytes become activated they can differentiate into 3 types of T lymphocyte. What are they and what are their functions?
●T helper cells: release substances to activate B lymphocytes.
●T killer cells: attach to antigen on a pathogen and kill the cell.
●Memory cells: remember the specific antigen and will recognise it second time round.
_______ is the part of the antigen which binds to the antibody
Epitope
________ = Vaccinating a large proportion of the population; provides protection for those not immunised as transmission of a pathogen is reduced
Her immunity
Which hormone is the most abundant in a fish with no eyes?
FSH