Particle Movement
What is everything that has mass made up of?
What is a phase change?
A change from one state of matter to another.
What scale do scientists use to measure temperature?
The Celsius scale.
What is the typical response of materials to heating?
Expansion.
What is the density relationship between liquid water and solid water?
Liquid water is denser than solid water (ice)
What happens to particles when matter is heated?
Does the mass of a substance change during a phase change?
No, the mass remains constant.
What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?
0°C.
What describes an object decreasing in volume as temperature decreases?
Thermal Contraction
Why is water's behavior upon freezing unusual compared to most substances?
Solid water (ice) has a greater volume and is less dense than liquid water.
How is heat transferred?
Particles colliding with each other
The phase change from a gas to a liquid
Condensation
How does a liquid thermometer measure temperature?
It uses the expansion of liquid in response to temperature changes.
How does thermal expansion effect density?
As something expands, density goes down. As it contracts, density goes up
Which is the most dense between Steam, Water, and Ice
Water
What happens to the attractive forces between particles when they are heated?
The attractive forces weaken.
Why is the volume of matter affected during a phase change?
Because the arrangement and movement of particles change.
What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?
100°C.
What describes an object increasing in volume due to an increase in temperature
Thermal Expansion
What is one implication of water floating for aquatic life?
Ice forms an insulating layer, protecting aquatic life beneath it.
How does the space between particles change when matter is heated?
The space between particles increases.
Describe how you would conduct an experiment to show that mass remains the same after a phase change.
Measure the mass before and after a phase change, ensuring it stays constant.
At what temperature is water most dense?
4°C
Explain why consideration of expansion and contraction is important in construction.
To prevent structural damage due to temperature changes affecting materials.
Hypothesize what would happen to aquatic life if ice were denser than water.
Ice would sink, potentially trapping aquatic life below.