organelle +transport1
What is the nucleus?
The organelle that holds the DNA of the cell.
Can diffusion happen in gases and liquids?
Yes
What is passive transport?
Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, without the cell using energy, relying instead on the natural tendency (diffusion) to reach equilibrium, similar to a ball rolling downhill.
Which structure provides support and shape in plant cells?
Cell wall
Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondrion
What is the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What do we call cells that are adapted to perform a specific function?
Specialized cells
Which cell has a biconcave shape to increase surface area?
Red blood cell
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Which process does NOT require energy and can happen without a membrane?
Diffusion
In osmosis, does water move from high or low water concentration?
From high water concentration to low water concentration
Why do cells become specialized?
To perform specific functions efficiently
Which plant cell is specialized for photosynthesis?
Palisade mesophyll cell
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste?
Lysosome
What is the mitochondria?
The organelle that is responsible for turning glucose into ATP.
What is differentiation?
The process of a cell specializing.
What type of cell is specialized to carry oxygen in the blood?
Red blood cell
Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?
To release a lot of energy for contraction
Predict what would happen to muscle cell function if the number of mitochondria was greatly reduced.
Less ATP would be produced, causing weaker or slower muscle contractions.
What type of membrane is needed for osmosis?
A partially permeable membrane
Explain why ciliated epithelial cells are essential in the human respiratory system.
They move mucus containing dust and pathogens out of the airways, protecting the lungs from infection.
Which specialized cell sends electrical signals in the body?
Nerve cell (neuron)
Why do animal cells not have chloroplasts?
Because animals do not carry out photosynthesis
Explain how the absence of a nucleus in red blood cells increases their efficiency in oxygen transport.
Without a nucleus, more space is available for haemoglobin, allowing red blood cells to carry more oxygen.