Minerals and Rocks
Erosion and the Earth's Crust
Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Mountains
Surprise, Surprise, Surprise
Fossils and Geologic Time
100
The thin outermost layer of Earth.
What is the crust?
100
The physical break-up or disintegration of rocks
What is mechanical weathering?
100
A method of measurement scientists use to describe the magnitude of earthquakes.
What is the Richter scale?
100
The earliest supercontinent.
What is Rodinia?
100
When water penetrates the bones of a dead animal, the water dissolves the calcium carbonate in the bones. A deposit of another very hard mineral, silica (quartz) remains, turning the bones in a rock-like substance.
What is petrified?
200
The building block of minerals
What are crystals?
200
One of the most powerful causes of erosion.
What is water in motion? Not just water, water in motion.
200
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When volcanoes are not active they are described as this.
200
This is made up of the volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean.
What is the Ring of Fire?
200
Sometimes the actual organism or part of it may be preserved as a fossil.
What are original remains?
300
Melted rock below the surface called ______ is called ________when it solidified on the Earth's surface.
What is
magma
igneous rock
300
The three layers of the Earth in order from the top of the Earth to the center
What is the crust, mantle, core?
300
This folding action in mountain formation occurs when sedimentary rock is squeezed from the sides, forming into slabs that move up and over each other like shingles on a roof.
What is thrust faulting?
300
Wind erodes rock when it picks up loose sediment such as clay, silt, and sand; and these windblown particles strike rock and wear it down.
What is abrasion?
300
In undisturbed layers of rock, the oldest layers are always on the bottom and the youngest layers are on the top.
What is the principle of superposition?
400
The processes that turn metamorphic rock into sediment.
What is weathering and erosion?
400
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The theory that geological plates are always moving on the Earth's mantle.
400
When tectonic forces stretch the Earth's crust, blocks form that can tilt or slide down. These huge amount of rocks can form mountains.
What are fault block mountains?
400
Magma that cools and hardens below the Earth's surface. It may later be exposed by erosion.
What is intrusive rock?
400
A heavy almost solid form of petroleum.
What is bitumen?
500
In sedimentary rock, the sediments become closely packed in layers and cemented together.
What is stratification?
500
When two plates collide or converge one is shoved under the other.
What is a subduction zone?
500
The three types of seismic waves that occur during an earthquake.
What are
Primary or P waves
Secondary or S waves
Surface waves
500
When the bitumen is too deep for mining to be economical, the underground oil sands reservoir is heated with this and the melted bitumen is pumped to the surface.
What is steam?
500
A natural occurring mixture of hydrocarbons, such as bitumen, coal, oil and gas.
What is petroleum?
