Classification of Matter
Matter is anything that has ______________ and takes up _____________.
mass, space (volume)
Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity are called ______________ properties.
The Periodic Table of Elements groups elements according to _________ and __________ properties and reactivity.
physical, chemical
The __________ is the basic unit of matter.
atom
How many electrons can be held in each of the first three electron shells?
2, 8, 8
Name 4 qualitative physical properties.
colour, flavour, odour, texture, lustre, malleability, ductility, state of matter
Name 2 characteristics specific to Group 1 elements only.
Highly reactive with oxygen and water, very soft, one electron in valence shell, want to give one electron away forming +1 ion.
What Group of elements has an ion charge of zero? Why?
Nobel (Inert) gases. Do not need to lose or gain electrons to be stable (already have maximum number of electrons in outer valence shell)
Compounds are made up of atoms of two or more _________ in _________ proportions.
elements, fixed
Name 4 quantitative physical properties.
melting/boiling point, solubility, hardness, viscosity, density, magnetism, electrostatic attraction
Name 2 characteristics specific to Group 2 elements only.
Reactive with weak acids, not as reactive or soft as alkali metals, have 2 valence electrons, want to give 2 electrons away to form +2 ions.
What is the atomic mass?
Mass of atom. As electron mass almost nothing, atomic mass basically consists of neutrons and protons.
What is the ion charge of the alkali metals? Do metals want to lose or gain electrons to become stable?
+1, lose electrons
A ___________ is a blend of 2 or more pure substances that do not interact chemically.
mixture
Combustibility, reactivity (with water, acids, oxygen), lack of reactivity, corrosiveness, toxicity
List 2 characteristics specific to halogens.
Most reactive non-metal, toxic in elemental form, 7 electrons in valence shell, form -1 ion
Name 2 things can be determined from the atomic number listed for an element.
Number of protons, number of electrons, number of neutrons (when atomic number subtracted from atomic mass)
What is the ion charge of the Halogen elements? Do non-metals want to lose or gain electrons to become stable?
-1, gain electrons
____________ mixtures contain components that are not evenly distributed.
Heterogeneous
List 3 signs that a chemical change / chemical reaction has taken place.
a new substance with new properties has been formed, gas bubbles, precipitate, change in colour, heat produced or removed, starting material used up
Name 2 characteristics specific to nobel gases (inert gases).
As one moves down a group of elements, name 3 things about atoms/elements that increases.
reactivity of elements, number of electron shells occupied, mass of atoms, radius (size) of atoms
Which Nobel Gas element has a similar electron structure to a Fluoride Ion?
Neon