Particle Theory of Matter
According to the Particle Theory, all matter is made up of these tiny units that are constantly moving.
What are particles (or atoms/molecules)?
This subatomic particle has a positive charge and is located inside the nucleus.
What is a proton?
The maximum number of electrons that can fit in the first energy level (shell) of a Bohr-Rutherford diagram.
What is 2?
An atom that gains or loses electrons and carries an overall electric charge.
What is an ion?
Group 18 elements are called this family name because they have full valence shells and rarely react.
What are the Noble Gases?
Heating a substance causes its particles to move in this way.
What is faster (or with higher kinetic energy)?
*DAILY DOUBLE* To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you subtract this value from the atomic mass.
What is the atomic number (or number of protons)?
An element in Group 15 has this many valence electrons.
What is 5?
Metals tend to lose electrons to form this type of positively charged ion.
What is a cation?
Highly reactive metals located in Group 1 that soft-cut with a knife and react vigorously with water.
What are Alkali Metals?
This state of matter has particles that are tightly packed together and only vibrate in fixed positions.
What is a solid?
An atom of Carbon has this many neutrons.
What is 6?
This element in Period 2 has 4 valence electrons and requires 4 dots in its outermost shell in a Bohr-Rutherford Diagram.
What is Carbon?
When a neutral Oxygen atom gains 2 electrons to complete its valence shell, its resulting ionic charge becomes this.
What is -2 (or $2^-$)?
Group 17 non-metals, including Fluorine and Chlorine, belong to this chemical family.
What are Halogens?
Spaces between particles are largest in this state of matter, allowing it to easily compress.
What is a gas?
Neutral atoms have equal numbers of these two subatomic particles.
What are protons and electrons?
The total number of electron shells (energy levels) drawn in a Bohr-Rutherford diagram corresponds to this feature of the periodic table.
What is the period number (or row)?
Calcium is in Group 2. When it forms a stable ion, this is its charge and the number of electrons lost.
What is a +2 charge (losing 2 electrons)?
The large central block of metals occupying Groups 3 through 12 on the periodic table.
What are Transition Metals?
The principle of Particle Theory that explains why food colouring spreads faster in hot water than in cold water.
What is higher temperature increases particle speed/kinetic energy, causing faster collision and mixing?
This is the exact number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in a neutral Chlorine-35 atom.
What are 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons?
Draw or describe the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for an Argon atom (atomic number 18).
What is 18 protons and 22 neutrons in the nucleus, with 2 electrons in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd shell, and 8 in the 3rd shell?
*DAILY DOUBLE* All non-metals in Group 17 will form anions with a -1 charge in order to achieve this.
What is gaining 1 electron allows them to achieve a full outer valence shell (stable octet)?
This alkaline earth metal in period 3 is not safe to consume as a pure element, but when bonded to 2 glycine molecules is an effective recovery supplement.
What is Magnesium (Mg)?