Breath and Posture
The posture of this directly influences respiration.
What is the ribcage?
This principle explains the negative pressure that aids in pulling the vocal folds back together during phonation.
What is Bernoulli's principle?
Intensity is measured in this, and rapidly decreases as distance is gained.
What is sound pressure level?
Shifts between vocal registers are called this in Western classical singing.
What is passaggio (passaggi pl.)?
The vocal tract filters source vibration to produce the perception of these.
What are phonemes, the cut, and the quality of voice sounds?
This Italian term refers to the balance of inspiratory and expiratory muscles to manage breath flow in singing.
What is appoggio?
The vocal folds can do this without a large increase in length, allowing for a wide range of pitch.
What is stiffen?
This is the pitch we perceive.
What is fundamental frequency?
The lowest vocal register is often called this.
What is fry or pulse register?
Our minds interpret this as a vowel.
What is the distance between the first and second formant?
The typical number of pairs of ribs.
What is 12?
Increased subglottic pressure increases intensity, but also tends to increase this.
What is pitch?
These filter harmonics by dampening or intensifying them.
What are formants?
If you could observe laryngeal source vibration in isolation, CT dominant production would be more this in timbre.
What is "fluty"?
This is the name of the flexibility of vowel posture which is required by the articulators to maintain a constant distance between the first and second formant as fundamental frequency rises.
What is vowel modification or aggiustamento?
This is the name given to the minimum amount of breath pressure required for phonation.
What is the phonation threshold pressure?
This term refers to the bottom-to-top wave-like motion of the vocal folds during oscillation.
What is vertical phase difference?
Human ears are most sensitive to sound in this frequency range.
What is 2,000 Hz to 5,000 Hz?
Lengthening the vocal tract has this effect on all formants.
What is uniformly lowers all formants?
The vocal tract has these major cavities associated with articulation
What are the pharynx, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity?
These are the two primary muscles of inspiration.
What are the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles?
This term describes the inertia of air which aids in phonation when part of the vocal tract is narrowed.
What is inertance?
This is where the singer's formant range is boosted.
What is the epilarynx?
The five perceptual registers.
Fry (or pulse), chest, mixed (or head), falsetto, and whistle.
A short or narrow vocal tract is associated with these kinds of sounds.
What are brighter sounds?