Grains
What are the three parts to a grain?
Bran, Endosperm, Germ
What is the main difference between whole grains and refined grains?
Whole grains have all parts to the grain. Refined grains have the bran and germ removed leaving only the endosperm.
What are two grains that contain gluten?
Wheat, rye, barley, malt
What are three foods that contain gluten?
Pasta, noodles, bread, baked goods, cereal, sauces & gravy
What are the 6 main types of grains?
Wheat, barley, oats, rice, rye, corn
What are two vitamins or minerals found in whole grains?
Fiber, B-vitamins (niacin, folate, riboflavin, thiamine), iron, zinc
What are the two proteins that make up gluten?
Gliadin & glutenin
What happens when you add too much water to doug?
More gluten development - sticky, wet dough
What part of the grain is the starchy rich middle?
Endosperm
What are 3 foods with whole grains?
Whole grain pasta, Whole grain bread, Whole grain cereal, Brown Rice, Quinoa, Popcorn, Oatmeal
What are 3 flours that do not contain gluten?
Rice, almond, oat
What happens when you don't add enough water to dough?
Less gluten development - dry, crumbly dough
What part of the grain is the outer layer containing fiber, B vitamins, and minerals?
Bran
Fiber helps keep you full longer. Stabilizes blood sugar levels and prevents energy crashes
What are two functions of gluten?
Provides structure and texture to baked goods. Traps CO2 allowing bread to rise.
What is the difference between a gluten intolerance and celiac disease?
Gluten intolerance is a sensitivity to gluten.
Celiac is an autoimmune disorder.
What is the germ? Where is it located in the grain and what does it contain?
Core that is packed with nutrients like B vitamins, vitamin E, phytochemicals, and healthy fats
What are 2 ways grains help digestive health?
Promotes regular bowel movements
Reduces risk of diverticulitis, IBS, and colon cancer
What is kneading? What happens when you over-knead vs under-knead?
To work the dough into an elastic mass by pushing, stretching, and folding it.
Over-kneading causes gluten to break down and become tough and dense
Under-kneading causes a weak, underdeveloped gluten structure
How does the immune system play a role in celiac disease?
Immune system reacts to gluten ingestion by attacking the lining of the intestine